Miotm  of  iWame 


£\hvaxy  of  t:he  Cheolocjical  ^tminavy 

PRINCETON  •  NEW  JERSEY 

FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
ROBERT  ELLIOTT  SPEER 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

1820-1920 


ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY  OF 

Cl)e  Btocese  of  0am 

1820— 1920 

(       OCT  9"  1953 
CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDINER,  MAINE    \^^^ 

MAY  THIRTIETH  TO  JUNE  THIRD 


^ 


d^artiiner,  £@aine 

1920 


D.  B.  UPDIKE  ■  THE  MERRYJIOUNT  PRESS  •  BOSTON 


OGod 

KT  have  heard  icifh  our  ears 

and  our  fathers  hax'e  declared  unto  us 

the  noble  xcorks  that  thou  didst  in  their  days 

and  in  the  old  time  before  them 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

FOREWORD  xi 

PRAYER  OF  THANKSGIVING  2 

CENTENARY  COJIMITTEE  6 

PROGRAMME  6 

ORDER  OF  CENTENARY  SERVICE  7 

DIOCESAN  OFFICERS  AND  CORPORATIONS  8 

BISHOPS  OF  THE  DIOCESE,  1820-1920  11 

LETTER  OF  BISHOP  GRISWOLD  12 

HISTORICAL  SKETCH  BY  MARGUERITE  OGDEN  25 

CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDINER,  BY  JOSIAH  S.  MAXCY  47 

THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAINE,  BY  RT.   REV.   BENJAMIN  BREWSTER,  D.D.  75 

LETTER  FROM  RT.  REV.  AVI  LI. I  AM   LAWRENCE,  D.D.  92 

LETTER  FROM  RT.  REV.  CHAUNCEY  B.  BREWSTER  94 

CENTENARY  SER:\I0N  BY  liEV.   CHAIU.ES  LEWIS  SLATTERY,  D.D.  97 

POEM  BY  REV.  CHARLES  FOLLEN  LEE  106 

ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME  BY  ROBERT  HALLOWELL  GARDINER  107 

CLERGY  OF  THE  DIOCESE,  1820-1920  117 

PICTURES  OF  MAINE  CHURCHES  125 

LIST  OF  CHURCHES  AND  SUMMER  CHAPELS  WITH  STATISTICS  153 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  160 


[    vii    ] 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

Bishop  Tidtle  S 

Bishop  GrisK'uld  Ig 

Bishop  Henshaw  ig 

Bishop  Burgess  jf  7 

Bishop  Xcely  29 

Bishop  Codman  21 

Bishop  Brc'icster  ^g 

Monhegan  Iskind,  Maine  25 

Where  the  first  service  of  the  Cliunh  of  Enijlaml  was  held  north  of  Vlri/inia—Aiti/ust  7,  IGOo  — 
liij  Bet:  Richard  Seymour 

Font  HSid  h)i  Robert  Jurdtni  in  1600  ^7" 

Old  St.  Ptiur.s  Church  ^g 
Built  ill  1802 

Old  St.  Paurs  Church  SO 

Remodelled  mid  the  ntiiiie  chuiiyed  to  .'■/.  Stephen' .s 

Rev.  Petru.s  Stuyvesant  Ten  Broeck  SI 

Rector  of  (lid  St.  Pniit'.s  Clmrrh.  ISlS-lS.ll 

Dr.  John  Merrill  S2 

Sometime  Wurden  of  St .  Paul' s 

Hon.  John  F.  A.  Merrill  S2 
Present  Senior   Warden  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral  Parish 

St.  Stephen's  Church,  Portland  S5 

Rev.  George  Colby  De  Moit  S6 

Present  Rector  of  St.  Stephen's 

Sitnon  Greenleaf  S6 
Warden  of  St.  Paul's.  1S16-1S.U 

St.  Luke's  Cathedrcd,  Portland  S8 

[ix   ] 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

Rev.  William  Henry  Washburn,  1S6S-1S95  39 

Mhsionury  of  the  Aroostook 

Rev.  Hmhon  Sazcijer,  1S73-1SS9  Jfl 

Soldier,  Priest,  Eduvutor 

Rev.  Charles  Taleott  Ogden,  1883-1911  4I 

Trui-elling  Missioiiiiri/ 

Emmanuel  Chapel,  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  Portland  JfS 

Communion  Service,  Christ  Church,  Gardiner  lf.7 

The  /(iryer  piiteii ,  11  flagon,  and  a  large  chalice  were  given  in  ISOJf.  In  IS64  the  chalice  was  made 
over  into  two  and  the  f  agon  remodelled.  The  .wialler  paten  was  given  in  1S64.  The  flagon  was 
alsogiven  in  ISO4  by  Robert  Uallowell  Gardiner  and  was  remodelled  in  I864 

Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  1/8 

Christ  Church,  Gardiner  60 

The  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd  51 

Incor/iorated  as  a  Diocesan  Institution  in  1S09 

St.  Ann's,  Gardiner  55 

Second  building 

Robert  Halloicell  Gardiner,  Esq.,  178:2-1864  58 

Delegate  from  Diocese  of  Maiiie  to  the  General  Convention  in  1S20;  Lay  Delegate  to  Diocesan 
Co)nvntio)i  in  1820  ;  Member  of  the  Standi7ig  Committee  in  1820 

Rev.  Gideon  W.  Olney  61 

Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  1830-1838 

Robert  Halloicell  Gardiner,  Esq.  67 

Delegate  to  the  General  Convention ,  lOOJf-lOlO;  Member  of  the  Standing  Committee 

Rev.  Robert  Wetmore  Plant  70 

Honorary  Cttuon  of  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  1894  to  date; 
Member  of  Standing  Committee ;  Secretary  of  Diocesan  Board  of  Missions;  Delegate  to  General 
Convention,  1904  to  1919 

Rev.  Charles  Lewis  Slattery,  D.D.  96 

Rector  of  Grace  Church,  Xeir  York  City ;  Speciul  Preui-her  at  the  Centenary 
Pictures  <)f  Maine  Churches  and  Sunnner  Chapels  1^5 

[x    J 


FOREWORD 

The  documents,  addresses,  and  illustrations  herein  will  recall  to  memory 
the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Diocese  of  Elaine,  held  at  (iardiner, 
June  1,  1920.  To  those  unable  to  attend,  they  will  give  as  accurate  an 
idea  of  the  historical  services  and  meetings  as  it  is  possible  for  the  printed 
page  to  convey.  Moreover,  to  future  historians  these  pages  will  supply 
material  of  value,  compiled  from  many  sources,  about  the  witness  borne, 
on  these  shores  of  Maine,  in  the  early  Colonial  days  by  members  of  the 
Church  of  England,  as  well  as  the  providential  guidance  of  loyal  and 
devoted  Churchmen  here  at  the  beginning  of  our  national  history. 

It  has  been  the  aim  to  make  the  bibliographical  references  complete. 
Especial  credit  is  due  to  the  late  Rev.  Charles  ^^'ells  Hayes,  sometime 
Canon  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Luke,  Portland,  and  Secretary 
of  the  Diocesan  Convention,  afterwards  an  honored  presbyter  of  the 
Diocese  of  Western  New  York,  for  his  industry  in  collecting  and  bind- 
ing the  Diocesan  Journals,  and  gathering  other  material  regarding  the 
annals  of  the  Church  in  Maine.  To  Miss  Evelyn  Gilmore,  of  Portland, 
Librarian  of  the  ISIaine  Historical  Society,  we  are  indebted  for  much 
valuable  advice  and  material.  Also,  we  would  record  gratefully  the  cour- 
tesy of  the  "Portland  Evening  Express,"  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Stephen's, 
Portland,  and  of  the  publishers  of  the  "  North  East,"  for  tlie  use  of  cuts 
for  illustrations.  Rectors  and  wardens  of  many  parishes  and  missions,  and 
friends  of  the  Church  in  Maine,  witliout  the  diocese  as  well  as  within, 
have  also  kindly  assisted  by  forwarding  photographs  for  cuts,  and  by 
valuable  information. 

But  most  of  all.  the  undersigned  wishes  to  express,  on  behalf  of  the 
Diocese  and  all  the  members  of  the  Centenary  Committee,  the  thanks 
due  from  us  all  to  Miss  Marguerite  Ogden,  of  Portland,  without  whose 
editorial  ability,  persistent  courage,  and  untiring  labors  this  book, in  any- 
thing like  its  present  completeness,  could  not  have  been  published. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Centenary  Committee,  Mr.  Robert  Hallowell 

[  xi  ] 


FOREJIORD 

Gardiner,  over  and  above  the  unremitting  care  and  thought  given  by 
him  to  every  feature  of  the  diocesan  and  parish  celebration,  has  under- 
\\Titten  the  cost  of  this  pubhcation,  thus  adding  one  more  item  to  the 
long  list  of  services  for  which  Maine  honors  the  name  of  Gardiner. 

The  history  herein  outlined  wonderfully  manifests  the  guiding  Hand 
of  Almighty  God.  That  the  Centennial  Celebration,  recorded  and  sup- 
plemented by  this  book,  may  be  for  the  glory  of  God,  the  Father,  the 
Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  for  the  upbuilding  of  His  Cliurch  far 

and  near,  is  our  earnest  prayer. 

BENJAMIN  BREWSTER, 

Bishop  of  Maine. 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 


PRAYER  OF  THANKSGIVING 

FOR  THE  CENTENARY  OF  THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

OGOD  of  our  fathers.  Who  bij  Thy  Holy  Spirit  dost  guide  Thy  Church 
from  age  to  age,  ice  give  Thee  hearty  thanks  for  Thy  man  fold  mer- 
cies bestoiced  on  her  in  this  nation  and  this  state.  By  faithful  icitness,  by  the 
beauty  of  holiness,  by  the  fruit  of  the  Spirit,  Thy  servants  of  old  have  glo- 
rified Thy  Holy  Name.  Give  us  grace  to  follow  the  example  of  their  stead- 
fastness in  the  Faith,  obedience  to  Thy  laics,  and  zeal  for  the  good  estate  of 
the  Catholic  Church.  Continue  Thy  loving  kindness  to  us,  their  children,  cleans- 
ing us  from  our  sins,  and  making  us  fruitful  in  all  good  works.  Give 
unto  us,  their  childre?!,  and  to  those  who  shall  come  after  us,  the  increase  of 
faith,  hope,  and  chai-ity,  that  the  Church  in  Maine  may  ever  show  forth  Thy 
praise,  and  set  foricard  the  salvation  of  all  tneu,  through  Jesus  Christ  our 
Lord.  Amen. 


Bishop   Tuttle 


CENTENARY  COMxMITTEE 

The  Rt.  Rev.  Benmamix  Brewster,  D.D.,  Honorary  Chairman. 

Mr.  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Gardiner  Chairman. 

Rev.  Robert  W.  Plaxt,  Gardiner,  Chairman  of  the  Ho.tpitalHy  Committee. 

Rev.  Ernest  A.  Pressey,  Portland,  According  Secretary. 

Miss  Marguerite  Ogden,  Portland,  Registrar  iif  Centenary. 

President  Kenneth  C.  M.  Sills,  Brunswick. 

Mr.  JosiAH  S.  Maxcy,  Gardiner. 

Mr.  Howard  Corning,  Bangor. 

Mr.  Charles  F.  Flagg,  Portland. 

Mr.  Sidney  St.  F.  Thaxter,  Portland. 

Mr.  Frederick  H.  Gabbi,  Portland. 

Mrs.  Herbert  Paysox,  Portland. 

Miss  Mary  M.  Burgess,  Portland. 


[5] 


PROGRAMME 

SUNDAY,  MAY  30 
7.30  A.M.     Holy  Communion. 
10.30  A.M.     Service  in  Commemoration  of  tlie  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Conse- 
cration of  Christ  Church.  Preacher,  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  S.  Tuttle,  D.D.,  Presid- 
ing Bishop. 
7.00  P.M.     Evening  Prayer.   Preacher,   Rt.  Rev.   Benjamin  Brewster,  D.D.,  Bishop  of 
Maine. 

MONDAY,  MAY  31 
7.30  P.M.     Service  in  Christ  Churcli.  Address  of  Welcome,  Mr.  Robert  H  allowell  Gardi- 
ner. Historical  Address,  Mr.  Josiah  S.  Maxcy,  of  Gardiner. 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  1 

8.15  A.M.     Holy  Communion. 
10.00  A.M.     Centenary  Service  and  Solemn  Te  Deiim.  Address,  Rt.  Rev.  Benjamin  Brew- 
ster, D.D.,  Bishop  of  Maine.  Sermon,  Rev.  Charles  L.  Slattery,  D.D.,  Rec- 
tor of  Grace  Church,  New  York 

3-5  P.M.     Reception  at  "Oaklands." 

7.30  P.M.  Meeting  of  the  Maine  Episcopal  Missionary  Society,  followed  by  Service  for 
the  Nation  Wide  Campaign. 

WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  2 

7.30  A.M.  Corporate  Communion  for  all  Convention  Delegates,  and  all  Delegates  to 
the  Woman's  Auxiliary. 

9.00  A.M.     Morning  Pra3'er. 

<).30  A.M.  Business  Sessions  of  the  Convention,  and  of  the  Woman's  Auxiliary  to  the 
Presiding  Bishop  and  Council. 

2.00  p.m.  Adjourned  meetings  of  the  Convention  and  Woman's  Au.xiliary  to  the  Pre- 
siding Bishop  and  Council. 


[   6] 


ORDER  OF  SERVICE 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  1,  10  A.M. 
Processional  Hymn,  307:  O  7  icws  ajoijftd  .soiiml  to  hear. 
Opening  Sentences. 
Lord's  Prayer  and  V'ersicles. 
Psalm  48. 
Ghiria,  Chant  6. 

Lesson,  Ephesians  iii,  14,  to  iv,  10,  inclusive. 
TV  Deiim,  Toui"s. 
Creed. 
Collects. 

Hvnin  445:  O  God  otir  help  in  ages  past. 
Historical  Address,  Rt.  Rev.  Bexj.\min-  Brewster,  D.D. 
Hymn  4-57:  Christ  u  made  the  sure  foundation. 
Sermon,  Rev.  Charles  Lewis  Sl.\ttery,  D.D. 

Solo:  The  Lord  is  my  Light  (by  Oley  Speaks),  Mrs.  Frederkk  Dayton  Hill. 
Doxology. 
Prayer. 
Benediction. 
Recessional  Hymn  519:  Ancient  of  Days. 


[  7  ] 


DIOCESAN  OFFICERS 

1920 

Bishop  and  President  of  the  Convention,  Right  Rev.  Benjainin  Brewster,  D.D.; 
Secretarij,  Rev.  Arthur  Thomas  Stray,  Auburn ;  AssiMant  Secretary,  Rev.  Edward 
W.  M.  Weller,  Caribou;  Kegistriir,  Rev.  Ernest  A.  Pressey,  Portland;  Treii.iiircr, 
Hon.  Charles  Bailey  Clarke,  Portland;  Librarian,  Rev.  Canon  Philip  Schuyler,  Port- 
land. 

STANDING  COMMITTEE 
Rev.  Charles  Follen  Lee,  Northeast  Harbor,  President ;  Mr.  Henry  v.  B.  Nash,  A\'^is- 
casset,  Secretarij ;  The  ^  ei"y  Rev.  Frank  L.  Vernon,  D.D.;  The  Rev.  Canon  Robert 
W.  Plant;  Mr.  Robert  H.  Gardiner;  Hon.  John  F.  A.  Merrill. 

STANDING    COMMITTEE    ON    FINANCE 
The   Rev.  Canon   Robert  W.  Plant;  Hon.  Charles  Bailey  Clarke;  Mr.   Herbert 
Payson;  Mr.  Henry  Lewis;  Mr.  George  H.  Griffen. 


DIOCESAN  CORPORATIONS 

The  ALPINE  Episcoi>.\l  Missionary  Society.  Incorporated  1835 
The  Right  Rev.  the  Bishop,  President;  The  Rev.  Canon  Robert  W.  Plant,  Secre- 
tary; Hon.  Charles  B.  Clarke,  Treasurer- 

TursTKEs  OF  Diocesan  Funds  in  the  Diocese  of  Maine.  Incorporated  1849 
Mr.  Herbert  Payson,  Portland,  Treasurer.  Mr.  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Mr.  Henry 
Lewis,  Hon.  John  F.  A.  Merrill,  Mr.  Sidney  St.  F.  Thaxter. 

The  Cathedral  CHAi'rER.  Incorporated  1879 
The  Right  Rev.  the  Bishop,  President;  The  Very  Rev.  Frank  L.  Vernon,  D.D., 
Dean;  The  Rev.  Philip  Schuvler,  Canon  Missioner ;  The  Rev.  Robert  Wetniore  Plant, 
The  Rev.  Charles  Follen  Lee, The  Rew  Richard  Lapthorn  Sloggett,  Honorary  Canons ; 
IMr.  StuyvesantT.  B.  Jackson,  Mr.  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Hon.  John  F.A.Merrill,  Mr. 
Henry  v.  B.  Nasli,  Dr.  James  A.  Spalding,  Mr.  Herbert  ^^^  Robinson,  Dr.  Chauncey 
R.  Burr,  Hon.  Charles  B.  Claike,  Mr.  Hannibal  H.  Emery,  Mr.  Robert  ^V.  De Wolfe, 
Scc?ctary,  Mr.  Philip  I.  Jones,  Treasurer. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Gardiner,  Me.  Incorporated  1889 
President,  The  Bishop;  Secretary,  Re\'.  Canon  Robert  W.  Plant;  House  Mother,  Sister 
Margaret  Mary,  C.  S.  P. 

[  8  ] 


DIOCESJX  CORPORATIOXS 

\\'0MAN"'s   AUXILIARY 

Honorary  President,  Mrs.  Charles  T.  Ogden;  President,  Mrs.  Herbert  Payson ; 
Vice-Presidents:  Mrs.  'SI.  H.  Blake,  Miss  Marguerite  Ogden ;  Reeording  Secretary, 
Miss  Marv  B.  Chadwell ;  Corresponding  Senrtary,  ^liss  Edith  Anderson;  Educa- 
tional Secretary,  Miss  Marv  M.  Burgess;  Treasnr'er,  Miss  Constance  Enierv;  Box 
Secretary,  Mrs.  \\ .  W .  Ingraham. 

Advisory  Committee:  Mrs.  John  M.  Glidden,  Sr.,  Mrs.  Clarence  H.  Corning,  Mrs. 
Charles  S.  Hichborn,  Miss  Harriet  S.  McCobb,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Brewster,  ]\Irs.  Wes- 
ton Lewis,  ^liss  Mary  Louise  Rowe. 

Junior  Dep(i?-tment:  President,  Mrs.  Heni-y  v.  B.  Nash;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Howard 
Corning;  Secret ai-y-Treasurer,  Mrs.  S.  T.  B.  Jackson. 

Altar  Society:  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Miss  Grace  Lawrence;  Directresses  of  Silk 
and  Embroidery :  Miss  A.  IVL  Merrill,  Miss  G.  A.  Hobart;  Directress  of  Linen  Work, 
Mrs.  Chai'les  F.  Johnson. 

Church  Periodical  Club:  Correspondent,  ]\Iiss  Leonora  \\.  \\'illiams. 

Society  of  Isolated  Churchicomen :  Correspondent,  Miss  Annie  Child. 

Treasurer  of  United  Thank  Offering,  Mrs.  Edwin  Lucas. 

The  Girls'  Friexdlv  Society 
Diocesan  Officers:  Honorary  President,  ]Mrs.  John  ~Sl.  Glidden,  Sr. ;  President,  Mrs. 
Joseph  Battell  Shepherd;  First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Brewster;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  Charles  ]\L  Jewett ;  Treasurer,  Miss  Gertrude  P.  Hall ;  Sccretaiy, 
Miss  ^Nlarv  E.  Norton. 


[9   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF   THE  DIOCESE 


The  Rt.  Rev.  Alexander  Viets  Guiswold,  D.D. 

15ISHOP    OF    the    eastern    DIOCESE 

(^irhirli  comprised  Maine,  New  Hanipshire,  J'ermont,  Massachusetts,  and  R/iode  Island) 

Born  April  22, 1766 

Consecrated  May  28,  1811 

Died  February  15,  1843 

Maine  ica.i  organized  as  a  separate  Diocese  in  18W  under  the  episcopcd  supervision 
of  Bishoji  Griszcohl 

A  copy  of  the  letter  sent  by  Bishop  Griswold  of  the  Eastern  Diocese  to  the  Rev. 
P.  S.  Ten  Broeck,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Portland,  calling  the  primary  Con- 
vention of  the  Diocese  of  Maine  one  month  and  two  days  after  the  State  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union. 

JSrUtol.  April  17,  JS20. 
Rev.  .\nd  Dear  Sir  :  Being  in  a  low  state  of  health  and  scarce  able  to  write,  I  make 
this  attempt,  briefly  to  request  that  the  few  churches  in  the  new  State  of  Maine  will 
by  their  delegates  duly  chosen,  meet  at  Brunswick,  in  said  State,  on  the  first  Wednes- 
day of  May  next,  and  forming  themselves  into  a  regular  convention  of  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church,  appoint  delegates  to  attend  the  next  General  Convention 
of  said  Church,  and  do  any  other  business  which  the  canons  and  usage  of  said  Church 
authorize  or  require. 

Affectionately  your  friend  and  brother, 

Alexaxder  V.  Griswold, 

Bishop  of  ye  Eastern  Diorese. 


[   12] 


Bix/wp  Grisiru/d 


[   13  ] 


The  Rt.  Rev.  John  Prextiss  Kewley  Henshaw,  D.D. 
bishop  oi-'  rhode  island 

Born  June  13, 1792 

Consecrated  August  11,  1843 

Died  July  20, 1852 

In  charge  (if  the  Diocese  of  Maine 

1843-1847 


"  Preach  the  Word  in  simplicity,  in  purity,  and  in  power." 
From  the  address  of  Bishop  Henshaw  to  the  Convention  of  18!fl. 


[    14] 


Bishop  Henshaw 


[   15  ] 


The  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  D.D. 

first  bishop  of  maine 

Born  October  31.  1809 

Consecrated  October  31,  1847 

Died  April  23,  1866 


"  This  soil  was  first  trodden  by  the  feet  and  first  consecrated  by  the  prayers  of  Chris- 
tians of  our  own  communion.  We  need  not  dwell  on  the  fact  with  undue  earnestness ; 
but  it  is  at  least  a  grateful  remembrance. "  From  tlw  address  of  Bishop  Burt/ess  to  the 
Thirty-second  Annual  Convention,  1S51. 

"  The  people  of  Maine  will  also  be  reminded  that  the  first  debt  of  historical  rever- 
ence is  due  to  men  who  never  withdrew  themselves  from  the  Church  of  their  native 
land  with  apostolic  episcopate  and  liturgy."  From  an  address  giren  hy  Bishop  Buryess 
at  Fort  Popham,  1863. 


[    16] 


n.shup  Bur 


[   17] 


The  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Adams  Neely,  D.D. 
second  bishop  of  maine 

Born  May  14, 1830 

Consecrated  January  25, 1867 

Died  October  31, 1899 


"  We  bear  a  commission,  and  are  under  obligations  which  will  not  suffer  us  to  content 
ourselves  with  merely  sustaining  and  strengthening  our  present  scattered  organi- 
zations. We  must  not  wait  to  be  called  of  men,  for  we  are  already  called  of  God." 
From  the  address  of  Bishop  Keely  to  the  Convention  of  1S67. 


[  18] 


B,shnp  Xceljj 


[   19   ] 


The  Rt.  Rev.  Robert  Codman,  D.D. 
third  bishop  of  maine 

Born  December  30, 1859 

Consecrated  February  24,  1900 

Died  October  7, 1915 


'•  The  Church  is  the  home,  the  training  school,  wherein  we  are  taught  and  trained 
to  hold  personal  communion  with  God  through  Jesus  Christ."  From  the  charge  in 
Iftoa  by  Bishop  Codman. 


[   20] 


Bishop  Codman 


[   21   ] 


The  Rt.  Rev.  Bexjamix  Buewsteh,  D.D. 

fourth  axd  puesext  bishop  of  3ia1xe 

Born  November  25,  ]  860 

Consecrated  June  17, 1909,  Missionary  Bishop  of  Western  Colorado 

Transferred  April  21,  1916 


[   22   ] 


Bi.shup  Brewster 


[23    ] 


Tlw  Island  of  Monhegan,  Maine 
Where  the  Weymouth  exjieilitiuu  hnukd,  Aiu/ust  7, 1605.  The  Vesselsare  thought  to  be  the  "Mary  4' 
John"  and  "The  Gift  of  God" 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


BY  MAUGUEKITE  OGDEN 


THE  history  of  the  first  one  hundred  year  period  of  the  Diocese 
of  Maine  reaches,  technically  and  literally,  from  the  present 
back  to  the  first  Diocesan  Convention  on  May  3, 1820,  when 
the  two  Churches  in  Gardiner  and  Portland  selected  delegates  and  for- 
mally organized  the  Diocese.  But  the  Diocesan  life  is  so  direct  an  out- 
come of  the  religious  affiliations  of  the  early  settlers  that  any  recital  of 
Church  history  would  be  incomplete  unless  it  were  preceded  by  some 
account  of  the  Church  life  before  1820.  For  the  early  settlers  in  Maine, 
like  those  of  ^"irginia.  brought  with  them  their  Church  associations, 
their  religious  conservatism,  and  dependence  on  ecclesiastical  teaching. 
They  came  for  commercial  purposes  and  not  for  religious  freedom. 
Their  Church  was  to  provide  them  godly  comfort  and  sacramental  rites, 
primarily,  and  was  not  to  be  an  outlet  of  zealous  missionary  endeavor, 
as  were  the  proselytizing  settlements  of  the  Jesuits  and  Puritans. 
Thus  when  George  AVeymouth  landed  in  1605  on  an  island  which 

[   25  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

he  called  St.  George's  —  probably  JMonliegan  —  he  set  up  a  cross  as  a 
token  that  he  had  taken  possession  of  the  new  land  in  the  name  of  the 
Church  and  the  King  of  England.  At  the  foot  of  this  cross, we  may  safely 
conjecture,  wei'e  first  heard  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  thewords  of  our  liturgy. 

The  first  recorded  service  in  English  held  on  tlie  coastof  NewEngland 
was  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Seymour  in  1607.  Hecameover  with 
the  George  Popham  expedition,  which  landed  on  St.  George's  Island 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec,  and  "near  where  the  cross  stood  he 
preached"  and  lield  what  might  be  called  tiie  first  "Thanksgiving  Ser- 
vice." It  is  interesting  to  note  that  this  beginning  of  the  English  Church 
on  the  shores  of  JMaine  occurred  some  thirteen  years  before  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth. 

Still  later,  when  a  royal  grant  was  made  to  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges 
to  establish  a  settlement  at  Winter  Harbor  on  the  Saco  River,  it  was 
expressly  provided  that  he  shoidd  "nominate  ministers  to  all  churches 
that  might  be  built  within  the  province."  The  Rev.  ^Villiam  JNIorrell 
was  accordingly  sent  to  this  Plantation,  and  although  there  is  no  record 
of  his  sacerdotal  acts,  yet  his  mere  presence  proves  the  claim  of  the 
Church  of  England  to  a  care  and  responsibility  for  the  spiritual  inter- 
ests of  the  Maine  colonists. 

In  1G86,  the  Rev.  Richard  Gibson  came  to  the  settlement  at  Saco, 
then  owned  by  an  English  merchant,  Robert  Trelawny.  This  clergy- 
man lived  on  Richmond  Island,  which  lies  on  the  southerly  side  of  Cape 
Elizabeth,  near  Portland,  and  he  exercised  pastoral  care  over  the  large 
number  of  men  engaged  in  tlie  profitable  fisheries  in  that  vicinity.  Mr. 
Gibson  was  bold  in  his  expi-ession  of  loyalty  to  the  English  Churcli  and, 
as  the  result  of  an  open  controversy  with  a  Puritan  minister  in  Dover, 
New  Hampshire,  was  brought  before  the  Court  of  the  Massachusetts 
Colony  and  tried  for  being  "wholly  addicted  to  the  hierarchy  and  disci- 
pline of  England."  After  several  days'confinement  he  was  allowed  to  go 
free  on  condition  that  he  leave  the  country.  The  Rev.  Robert  Jordan, 
who  succeeded  ]Mr.  Gibson  in  1640,  was  a  prominent  and  influential 
man  in  the  annals  of  western  Maine.  He  was  the  first  clergyman  to  settle 
permanently  in  the  district.  Througli  his  marriage  with  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Winter,  the  agent  of  the  settlement,  he  became  a  man  of  property 
and  set  himself  to  resist  stoutly  the  encroachments  of  the  Massachu- 

■[26] 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

setts  colony  in  Maine.  This,  coupled  with  his  zealous  adherence  to  the 
Episcopal  Church,  brought  him  into  constant  disfavor  with  the  IMas- 
sachusetts  government.  He  was  frequently  censured  for  exercising  his 
ministerial  office  in  marriages,  baptisms,  and  other  rites.  After  baptiz- 
ing three  children  in  a  portable  font,  still  preserved  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Elaine  Historical  Society  in  Portland,  he  was  summoned  before  the 
Genei'al  Court  in  Boston  and  required  to  desist  from  such  practices  in 


Font  used  III)  Robert  Jordan  in  IGijO 

the  future ;  but  he  continued  his  priestly  duties  among  the  inhabitants 
of  Scarboro,  Casco  (now  Portland),  and  Saco.  His  house  was  burned  in 
the  Indian  War  incited  by  King  Philip  and  he  narrowly  escaped  with 
his  family  to  Newcastle.  New  Hampshire,  where  he  finallv  died  in  1679 
at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  He  left  six  sons,  from  whom  have  descended 
thousands  of  the  name.  Robert  Jordan  w^as  a  strong  and  courageous 
character,  a  noble  pioneer  in  both  Church  and  State. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Jordan, the  regular  ministrations  of  the  Church 
in  Maine  were  suspended  for  eighty  years.  In  175.5,  at  the  request  of  the 
settlers  of  Frankfort  (now  Dresden)  and  Georgetown,  the  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  sent  out  to  them  the 
Rev.  William  McClenachan.  He  was  not  well  fitted  for  his  task  and  after 
four  years  departed,  to  be  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  known 
as  the  "  Frontier  Missionary."  Mr.  Bailey  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  who 

[27] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MJIJVE 

offered  himself  for  missionary  work  in  this  field  and,  being  accepted,  went 
at  once  to  England  for  ordination.  He  returned  to  Maine  and  reached 
Pownalborough,  which  included  the  plantation  of  Frankfort,  in  July, 
1760.  He  had  the  spirit  of  a  pioneer  and  was  a  man  devoted  to  his  people 
and  his  work,  laboring  with  untiring  zeal  amid  great  difficulties  of 
nature  and  sectarian  prejudice.  He  extended  his  efforts  to  Brunswick, 
Harpswell,  and  the  county  of  Lincoln,  where  he  found  fifteen  hundred 
families  without  any  religious  teacher  of  any  denomination. 

In  1767  Mr.  Eailey,  conscious  of  his  inability  to  cover  so  large  a  field, 
petitioned  the  S.  P.  G.  for  an  assistant  missionary,  and  the  next  year 
the  Rev.  William  Willard  Wheeler,  of  Concord,  Massachusetts,  was  or- 
dained by  the  Bishop  of  London  and  assumed  charge  at  Georgetown 
and  over  a  district  extending  twenty  miles  westward  and  twelve  miles 
eastward  from  that  settlement.  He  left  the  mission  in  1772  and  went 
to  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

The  most  lasting  evidence  of  Mr.  Bailey's  faithful  work  in  this  region 
is  the  chm-ch  in  Gardiner,  which  has  for  over  one  hundred  years  played 
such  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Church  life  of  Maine.  St.  Ann's  Church, 
here,  dedicated  in  1772,  was  erected  largely  through  the  instrumentality 
and  generosity  of  the  Gardiner  fiimily,  from  whoni  the  town  is  named. 
This  building  was  burned  in  1793  by  a  madman  who  thought  he  was 
commissioned  from  on  high  to  burn  the  church  and  murder  its  minister. 
A  new  St.  Ann's  was  built  the  next  year  by  courageous  townspeople, 
a  parsonage  given  by  Mr.  William  Gardiner,  and  a  rector  called  at  the 
munificent  salary  of  three  hundred  and  sixty  dollars  a  year.  The  position 
of  the  Church  in  the  community  at  this  early  date  can  be  gained  from 
this  suggestive  paragraph  quoted  from  the  History  of  the  Parish  by  Gil- 
more:  "  It  is  a  noticeable  fiict,  in  a  time  so  deeply  scarred  with  traces  of 
religious  battles  as  w^erethe  years  between  1790  and  1820,  that  Maine's 
Episcopalians  should  have  kept  such  a  neutral  ground.  Not  only  did  our 
people  invite  the  co-operation  of  the  sects,  but  they  also  found  much  to 
admire  in  their  beliefs." 

The  need  of  a  larger  church  in  Gardiner  becoming  apparent,  the 
present  stone  edifice  was  erected  and  consecrated  by  Bishop  Griswold 
on  October  18,  1820.  The  Rev.  Gideon  W.  Olney,  then  rector  of  the 
church,  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  Maine, 

[  28  ] 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

with  Mr.  Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner,  an  able  man  and  loyal  churchman, 
of  whom  it  is  written:  "The  beauty  of  Mr.  Ciardiners  character  found 
its  best  expression  in  his  future  dealings  with  the  House  of  the  Lord. 
For  nearly  sixty  years  he  was  the  stay  of  Gardiner's  Church  and  a 


Old  St.  Paul's  Church 


staunch  supporter  of  her  teachings  in  many  parts  of  the  country.  Both 
clergymen  of  the  parish  and  those  who  have  visited  the  place  bear  grate- 
ful witness  to  his  tireless  hospitality  and  precious  friendship." 

After  a  long  interval  of  more  than  twogenerations,  there  was  a  renewal 
of  services  in  Falmouth,  now  Portland.  The  Rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
Boston,  attending  Governor  Shirley  of  Massachusetts  as  his  chaplain, 
preached  in  the  Congregational  Church  in  Portland  and,  to  quote 
verbatim,  ""carried  on  in  the  old  form."  Ten  years  later  a  number 
of  persons  declared  in  writing  their  desire  for  a  meeting-house  to  be 
erected  and  devoted  to  public  worship  according  to  the  Church  of 
England.  This  building  was  erected  in  1765,  and  Rev.  John  Wiswell, 
who  had  been  in  charge  of  the  new  Casco  Parish  (Congregational), 
declared  for  the  Chui'ch  of  England,  was  invited  to  become  the  rector 

[  29   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAL\E 

of  the  new  church, and  went  to  England  for  ordination.  Toward  his  sup- 
port the  S.  P.  G.  contributed  one  hundred  doUars  per  annum.  Air.  ^^'is- 
well  remained  in  charge  of  St.  Paul's  until  the  church  was  destroyed  in 
the  burning  of  Portland  by  the  British  in  1775.  During  the  war  there 


Old  SI.  PauFs  Chiucli  i;,^,ii,„lrllnl 


were  no  services  held  in  tlie  church.  AVe  may  readily  imagine  that  the 
American  patriot  of  those  days  was  in  no  mood  to  distinguish  between 
English  Church  and  English  State. 

It  was  not  until  1783  that  the  society  was  reorganized,  and  in  1787  a 
second  buildingwas  erected  on  the  site  of  the  first  at  the  corner  of  Middle 
and  Church  Streets.  After  many  vicissitudes  this  struggling  congrega- 
tion, augmented  by  some  able  and  prominent  citizens,  decided,  in  1803, 
to  sell  the  old  church  and  move  up  town  to  the  corner  of  Middle  and 
Pearl  Streets.  Here  was  erected  a  brick  building  of  some  pretension  with 
tower  and  belfry.  It  was  during  this  prosperousperiodof  its  history  that 
St.  Paul's,  under  the  able  rectorship  of  Rev.  P.  S.  Ten  Eroeclcwas  called 
on  to  take  part  in  the  fii'st  Convention  of  tlie  Diocese  of  Maine.  Later 

[  30] 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

on,  in  1839,  the  church  was  reorganized  under  the  name  of  St.  Stephen's. 
After  the  great  fire  of  1806  had  destroyed  the  building  on  Middle 
Street,  this  parish  decided  to  move  further  up  town,  and  accordingly, 
at  the  suggestion  of  Bishop  Neely,  purchased  the  building  then  occu- 
pied by  the  new  parish  of  St.  Luke's  on  Congress  Street  at  the  foot  of 
Pine  Street.  This  latter  parish  then  purchased  a  lot  and  built  the  present 
Cathedral  on  State  Street. 


Rev.  P.  S.  Ten  Broeck 

The  history  of  the  Diocesan  organization  of  the  Church  in  Elaine 
begins  on  April  17,  1820,  one  month  and  two  days  after  INIaine  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union  as  a  State,  when  Bishop  Griswold,  the  Bishop  of 
the  Eastern  Diocese,  sent  a  letter  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ten  Broeck,  Rector 
of  St.  Paul's,  Portland,  requesting  that  delegates  from  the  two  churches 
in  Elaine  meet  at  Brunswick  on  "Si-Ay  3, 1820,  and  duly  form  themselves 
into  a  Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  Maine.  This  was  done  accordingly, 
the  delegates  from  Portland  being :  Clerical, Rev. P.  S.  Ten  Broeck :  Laij, 
Simon  Greenleaf,  Escj.,  Captain  John  L.  Lewis,  Captain  Jonathan^^'aite, 
Captain  John  Wildrage,  Mr.  John  Watson,  Mr.  James  B.  Tucker,  and 
Dr.  John  Merrill. 

From  Christ  Church.  Gardiner:  Clcrical,Rev.  Gideon W.  0\ney;  Lai/, 
Robert  IL  Gardiner,  Esq.,  Captain  Daniel  ^^'oodward,  Mr.  Ebenezer 

[  31    ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MALYE 


Dr.  John  Merrill 


Byram,  Rufus  Gay,  Esq.,  Colonel 
John  Stone,  and  Captain  John 
Savels. 

Rev.  Gideon  W.  Olney  was 
chosen  President  and  Dr.  John 
Merrill  Secretary.  A  constitution 
and  canons  were  adopted,  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Ten  Rroeck  and  Robert 
H.  Gardiner,  Esq.,  were  elected  del- 
egates to  the  next  General  Conven- 
tion which  met  at  Philadelphia,  and 
the  Rt.  Rev.  the  Bishop  of  the 
Eastern  Diocese  was  requested  to 
exercise  episcopal  jurisdiction  over 
the  Church  in  this  State.  Thus  the 
Church  in  JNlaine  made  a  small  but 
courageous  beginning,  and  this  was 
accomplished  chiefly  through  the  energy  and  foresight  of  the  two  lead- 
ing members  of  the  then  existing  parishes,  Simon  Greenleaf,  Esq.,  of 
Portland,  and  Robert  H.  Gaidiner, 
Esq.,  of  Gardinei-. 

The  following  extract  from  the 
address  of  Bishop  Griswold  to  the 
Biennial  Convention  of  the  Eastern 
Diocese  assembled  at  Newport,  Sep- 
tember 27,  1820,  gives  a  picture  of 
the  Church  in  Maine  at  this  time: 
"'  Since  our  last  Biennial  Conven- 
tion, the  District  of  Maine  has  be- 
come a  State,  and  now  holds  a  re- 
spectable rank  in  the  Union  which 
forms  this  rising  empire.  It  became 
proper,  of  course,  and  was  judged 
expedient,  that  the  few  churches  in 
this  new  State  should  form  a  State 
convention.  Accordingly  a  meeting 

[  32  ] 


Hon.  John  F.  A.  Merrill 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

of  delegates  from  the  two  churches  in  Maine  took  place  in  Brunswick, 
on  the  3rd  of  May  in  the  present  year.  They  acceded  to  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  General  Convention  and  formed  a  constitution  for  that  state. 
Their  delegates,  sent  to  the  last  General  Convention, were  received,  and 
their  pi'oceedings  recognized  and  approved;  and  agreeably  to  their  re- 
quest, they  are  annexed  to  this  Eastern  Diocese.  \^'^hether  any  and  what 
alterations  in  our  Diocesan  constitution  may  in  consequence  be  neces- 
sary, will  claim  a  place  in  your  deliberations." 

"  The  Church  in  Maine,  though  small,  is  a  just  subject  of  congratu- 
lation and  praise.  Tlu-ee  years  ago  we  had  but  about  twelve  commu- 
nicants in  that  district :  there  are  now  about  one  hundred.  Most  laud- 
able have  been  their  efforts  and  liberality  in  making  provision  for  the 
decent  performance  of  Divine  Worship,  and  the  regular  administration 
of  the  Christian  Ordinances.  In  Gardiner  they  have  erected  a  new  and 
very  handsome  church,  excelling,  in  the  purity  of  taste  displayed,  and 
perfection  of  the  Gothic  style,  any  edifice  perhaps  in  the  United  States. 
If  the  Lord  permit,  it  Avill  soon  be  solemnly  dedicated  to  His  Holy 
Worship.  The  parish  in  Portland  are  second  to  none  in  their  pious  lib- 
erality: 'for  to  their  power, —  I  bear  record  —  yea,  and  beyond  their 
powei',  they  are  willing,'  —  and  generously  endeavor  to  render  the  sit- 
uation of  their  worthy  pastor  comfortable  and  happy.  I  have  supposed 
it  my  duty  to  give  them  some  little  aid  from  our  Eastern  contribu- 
tions. They  have  obtained  a  bell  for  their  church.  May  the  Lord  re- 
member them  for  good,  and  visit  them  with  His  salvation." 

The  Diocese  remained  under  the  care  of  Bishop  Griswold  until  his 
death  in  ISiS.  Owing  to  the  difficulties  of  travel,  he  made  the  journey 
to  Maine  either  by  boat,  or  on  an  old  white  horse.  He  was  present  at 
only  ten  of  the  twenty-tliree  Conventions  held  during  his  episcopate. 
In  this  period,  however,  were  added  to  the  Diocese  the  churches  of 
Saco,  Westbrook,  Augusta  (St.  Mark's),  and  Bangor.  The  proceedings 
of  many  of  these  Conventions  were  published  in  tlie  Gospel  Advocate 
and  the  Watchman.  In  1823  it  was  voted  to  establish  "The  Protestant 
Episcopal  ^Missionary  Society  of  Maine  '  and  to  take  up  a  collection  at 
Christmas  for  the  fund.  In  1827.  at  the  eighth  Convention  held  at  Saco, 
when  the  church  there  was  consecrated,  it  was  voted  to  form  a  Sunday 
School  Union,  and  also  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  ask  the  General  Con- 

[33   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OE  MAIXE 

vention  to  revise  the  Tables  of  Lessons  from  Holy  Scripture.  In  1829 
the  support  of  the  episcopate  was  seriously  considered  and  the  printing 
of  the  Diocesan  Journal.  A  theological  school  for  the  Eastern  Diocese 
was  discussed.  In  1836  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  sep- 
aration of  Maine  from  the  Eastern  Diocese  and  to  obtain  a  Bishop  at 
a  nominal  salary  of  $1500,  if  it  could  be  raised.  In  the  Convention  of 
1839,  a  resolution  was  introduced  by  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  and  unani- 
mously adopted,  to  the  effect  that  the  Convention  take  measures  for 
the  separation  of  the  Diocese  of  Maine  from  the  Eastern  Diocese.  A 
committee  was  appointed  to  examine  into  the  ways  and  means  of  sup- 
plying a  salary  for  a  Bishop  of  Maine.  There  seems  to  have  been  some 
difficulty  in  the  way,  for  the  committee  reported  the  next  year  that 
nothing  had  been  heard  touching  their  application  from  Massachusetts 
or  New  Hampshire  or  Rhode  Island,  and  in  order  not  to  leave  the  Dio- 
cese in  an  equivocal  position  in  regard  to  its  canonical  standing,  it  was 
voted  to  remain  part  of  the  Eastern  Diocese. 

At  the  death  of  Bishop  Griswold,  Bishop  Eastburn  was  requested 
to  assume  episcopal  supervision.  He  declined,  and  Bishop  Henshaw  of 
Rhode  Island  took  charge  of  the  Diocese  for  four  years.  During  this 
time  St.  Paul's,  Brunswick,  and  the  church  at  Milford  were  admitted 
into  union  with  the  Convention. 

In  due  time,  however,  the  separate  diocesan  organization  was  agreed 
to,  and  at  a  special  Convention  called  October  4,1847,  at  Portland,  rep- 
resentatives being  present  from  St.  Stephen's,  Portland;  Christ  Church, 
Gardiner;  St.  .John's,  Bangor;  St.  Mark's,  Augusta;  St.  Paul's,  Bruns- 
wick; St.  James's,  Milford  ;  the  Rev.  George  Burgess,  Rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  was  unanimously  elected  the  first  Bishop 
of  Manie. 

Bishop  Burgess 

GEORGE  BURGESS  was  born  on  October  31,  1809.  at  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island.  He  attended  a  day  school  until  1821,  when, 
at  the  age  of  twelve,  he  was  found  prepared  for  college,  but  as  his  father 
was  unwilling  to  have  him  enter  so  young,  he  spent  a  year  in  the  study 
of  French  and  in  miscellaneous  reading.  He  graduated  from  Brown 
University  in  1822. Throughout  the  four  years,  he  was  never  absent  from 

[  34  r 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


prayers,  which  were  held  at  sun- 
rise, or  from  a  single  recitation,  or 
marked  deficient  in  any  of  his  stud- 
ies. After  graduating  from  college 
he  entered  his  fathers  law  office 
and  completed  the  full  course  of 
a  student  at  law.  He  accepted  a 
tutorship  in  the  college  for  two 
years  while  he  was  studying  theol- 
ogy with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Crocker  of 
St.  John's  Church,  Providence.  In 
18.31  Mr.  Burgess  went  abroad  and 
spent  two  years  in  the  universities 
of  CTcittingen,  Bonn, and  Berlin  and 
one  year  in  travel.  On  his  return 
he  was  ordained  deacon  by  Bishop 


St.  Stepheyi's  Church,  Porthuid 


L   o5 


ReiK  George  C.  Dc  Moil 

Griswold  in  1834,  and  priest  on 
November  2  of  the  same  year,  and 
became  Rector  of  Christ  Church, 
Hartford,  where  he  remained  until 
called  to  the  Bishopric  of  Maine. 
He  received  the  degi'ce  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  in  184G,  from  Union 
College, Schenectady. and  the  same 
year  the  same  degree  from  Brown 
University.  He  married  on  Octo- 
ber 26,  1846,  Sophia,  daughter  of 
Leonard  Kip,  Esq.,  formerly  of 
Xew  York,  but  then  resident  in 
Hartford. 

The  service  of  his  consecration 
was  held  in  Christ  Church,  Hart- 
ford,  Bishops    Chase   of   Illinois, 

] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

Brownell,  Eastburn,  and  Chase  of  New  Hampshire  united  in  the  con- 
secration; IJishop  Hensliaw,  then  having  episcopal  charge  of  Maine, 
preached  the  sermon. 

He  went  at  once  to  his  new  field  and  began  the  arduous  task  of  what 
Bishop  Henshaw  called,  "exploring  the  State  of  Maine  ecclesiastically." 
How  well  he  did  it  can  be  seen  by  some  comparison  of  statistics.  When 
he  came  to  Maine,  there  were  in  the  Diocese  seven  parishes.  When  he 


•Simon  Greenleaf 

died,  there  were  nineteen  parishes  and  missions  and  one  rectory.  Com- 
municants reported  were  1527 ;  Sunday-school,  19;teachers,  176 ;  pupils, 
1366.  There  was  no  fund  for  the  episcopate,  and  therefore  the  Bishop 
was  obliged  to  be  the  rector  of  a  church  in  order  to  receive  a  salary. 
Bishop  Burgess  stai-ted  such  a  fund  and  added  to  it  quite  materially  by 
his  will.  The  annual  income  of  the  Diocesan  Missionary  Society  rose 
from  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  to  eighteen  hundred.  He  was  a  great 
believer  in  the  educative  force  of  the  service  and  the  prayer  book.  He 

[36] 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

urged  his  clergy  to  hold  services  m  any  town  where  they  could  gather  a 
company.  In  this  way  he  did  much  to  overcome  the  prejudice  against 
the  Episcopal  Church  that  was  so  strong  in  those  days.  The  Legislature 
at  first  refused  even  to  grant  an  Act  of  Incorporation  to  the  Trustees  of 
Uiocesan  Funds.  Bishop  Burgess  was  obliged  to  go  to  Augusta  and,  by 
his  charm  of  manner  and  good  judgment,  persuade  them  to  favorable 
action.  His  capacity  for  work  was  almost  unending.  He  never  took  a 
vacation  and  undoubtedly  wore  himself  out  with  hard  travelling  and  the 
constant  attention  to  detail  which,  although  he  never  complained  of  it, 
must  have  been  wearing  to  one  of  his  poetic  temperament.  He  wrote,  in 
spite  of  his  arduous  labors,  many  books  and  poems,  and  had  time  to  take 
thought  for  each  individual  under  his  care,  as  is  told  in  many  a  storv 
of  his  life  in  Gardiner,  where  he  was  Rector  of  Christ  Church  during 
his  episcopate.  In  fact,  he  calls  to  mind  in  many  ways  the  life  and  sweet 
spirit  of  the  great  missionary  Bishop  and  hymn-writer  of  the  English 
Church,  Reginald  Heber.  Too  much  cannot  be  said  of  the  wisdom,  tact, 
and  godly  grace  that  he  exercised  in  laying  the  foundations  of  the  pres- 
ent Church  in  Maine.  He  was  peculiarly  fortunate  in  gathering  around 
him  a  company  of  clergy  of  strong  personality,  many  of  whom  became 
distinguished  in  various  fields  of  Church  work.  Among  these  were  Dr. 
Edward  Ballard,  John  Cotton  Smith,  Alexander  Burgess  (later  first 
Bishop  of  Quincy),  \Villiam  E.  Armitage  ( later  Bishop  of  Wisconsin), 
Thomas  March  Clark  (later  Bishop  of  Rhode  Island),  Bishop  Horatio 
Southgate,  and  John  Franklin  Spalding  (later  Bishop  of  Colorado). 

He  died  April  23,  18G6,  on  board  a  ship  sailing  from  Hayti  to  New 
York,  and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner, 
where  a  granite  cross  marks  his  final  resting-place. 

Bishop  Neely 

Ar  a  special  Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  Maine  held  at  Christ 
.  Church,  Gardiner,  on  October  30,  1866,  the  Rev.  Henry  Adams 
Neely,  assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Parish,  New  York  City,  was  elected 
the  second  Bishop  of  Maine.  The  parishes  represented  on  this  occasion 
were:  Gardiner.  Christ  Church;  Portland,  St.  Stephen's  and  St.  I^uke's; 
and  those  of  Saco,  Bangor,  Augusta,  Brunswick,  Bath,  Calais,  Lewiston, 

[  37] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MJLVE 

Camden,  Eastport,  and  Dexter.  The  Rev.  Alexander  Burgess  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Convention  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Edward  Ballard  was  secretary. 
Heiny  Adams  Neely  was  born  in  Fayetteville,  New  York,  on  May  14., 
1830.  He  gi-aduated  at  Hobart  College  in  1849  and  was  afterward  tutor 
in  the  same  institution.  He  was  ordained  deacon  in  Trinity  Church, 


-SV.  Liih-'x  (  'athedral,  Portland 

Geneva,  by  tlie  Rt.  Rev.  W .  H.  De  Lancey,  S.T.D.,  and  priest  by  the 
same  Bishop  in  1854.  He  married,  in  1859,  Mary  Floyd  Delafield  of 
New  York  City.  He  was  Rector  of  Calvary  Church,  Utica,  Christ  Church, 
Rochester,  and  Chaplain  of  Hobart  College.  He  then  became  assistant 
minister  of  Trinity  Parish  and  in  charge  of  Trinity  Chapel.  From  this 
cure  he  was  elected  second  Bishop  of  Maine.  He  was  consecrated  on  the 
Feast  of  the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  1867,  in  Trinity  Chapel.  New  York. 
The  consecrators  were  Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  who  also  preached  the 
sermon,  Bishop  John  Henry  Hopkins  of  Vermont,  Bishop  .John  Wil- 
liams of  Connecticut,  Bishop  William  Henry  Odenheimer  of  New  Jer- 
sey. Bishop  Robert  Harper  Clarkson  of  Nebraska,  Bishop  George  Max- 
well Randall  of  Colorado. 

When  Bishop  Neely  came  to  Maine  he  became  Rector  of  St.  Luke's 
Parish,  which  was  then  worshipping  in  the  church  on  Congress  Street,  at 
the  foot  of  Pine  Street,  now  occupied  by  St.  Stephen's  Parish.  He  at  once 

[  38  ] 


HIS  TORICJL  SKE  TCH 


began  plans  for  a  Cathedral,  in  which  the  parish  cooperated  most  heart- 
ily, and  in  pursuance  of  the  plan  purciiased  the  Robinson  lot  on  State 
Street.  The  cornerstone  of  the  new  building  was  laid  in  18G7,  and  it  was 
opened  for  divine  service  in  1868.  It  was  cleared  of  debt  through  the  lib- 
erality of  friends  both  within  and  without  the  Diocese,  and  was  conse- 
crated on  St.  Luke's  Day,  1877. 

Bishop  Xeely  felt  that  any  permanent  growth  in  the  Church's  life 
must  be  founded  on  the  spread  of  Christian 
education,  and  he  therefore  bent  all  his  ef- 
forts to  establish  schools,  two  of  which  were 
started  —  St.  Catherine's  Hall  at  Augusta, 
for  girls,  and  St.  John's  School  at  Presque 
Isle,  for  boys.  They  undoubtedly  filled  a 
want  in  the  church  life  in  Maine,  some  of  its 
most  earnest  workers  to-day  being  those 
who  received  inspiration  and  direction  for 
their  life-work  in  these  institutions.  But 
the  financial  strain  on  the  Bishop  was  verv 
great,  as  he  was  obliged  to  spend  a  goodly 
part  of  his  time  securing  funds  outside  the 
Diocese  to  meet  the  current  expenses  of 
these  schools,  as  well  as  those  of  his  various 
missionary  enterprises. 

Bishop  Xeely  suggested  in  1868  a  form 
for  organizing  missions  in  union  with  the 
Convention.  The  House  of  the  Good  Shep- 
herd, a  home  for  orphaned  children,  was  started  in  Rockland  and  later 
transferred  to  Gardiner.  In  1872  Bishop  Neely  established  The  Xorth 
East,  now  the  oldest  diocesan  paper  in  this  country.  It  has  proved  itself 
a  valuable  organ  of  communication  between  the  Bishop  and  his  people, 
and  a  means  of  interesting  the  parishes  of  the  Diocese  in  various  forms 
of  missionary  work. 

The  missions  in  Aroostook  County  were  added  to  the  Diocese. 
Though  constantly  hampered  by  the  need  of  more  clergy  and  the  fre- 
quent changes  among  them,  the  Bishop  was  fortunate  in  securing  the 
services  of  three  faithful  missionaries  who  labored  untiringly  and  with 

[  39   ] 


Rev.  U  illiam  Hciiri/  Washburn 

Misxioiian/  of  the  Aroostook 

1868-1895 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

singleness  of  purpose  in  the  interest  of  the  Church  in  Maine, — the  Rev. 
William  Henry  Washburn,  the  Rev.  Hudson  Sawyer,  and  the  Rev. 
Charles  I'alcott  Ogden. 

Bishop  Neely  was  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  Church  at  large.  At  his 
death,  after  an  episcopate  of  thirty-three  years,  he  was  one  of  the  oldest 


Hew  Hudson  Sannjer,  Soldier,  Priest,  Educator 

]87.'J-1«S<) 

Bishops  in  the  American  Church.  He  had  been  for  six  years  chairman  of 
the  House  of  Bishops,  and  was  chairman  of  the  Hymnal  Committee, 
which  gave  the  hymnal  and  chant  book  of  1892  to  the  Church. 

One  of  his  clergy  wrote :  "Those  who  knew  him  in  his  prime  recall  a 
inagnificent  specimen  of  manhood  physically,  with  a  soul  to  correspond 
to  it.  When  at  length,  broken  by  almost  incessant  labor,  he  entered 
into  his  rest,  the  Church  in  Maine  felt  that  it  had  lost  a  true  Father  in 
God,  and  the  State  at  large  one  of  its  leading  citizens." 

Bishop  Neely  died  on  the  eve  of  All  Saints'  Day,  1899,  at  the  Bishop's 
House  in  Portland,  and  is  buried  in  Evergreen  Cemetery,  in  that  city. 
A  cenotaph  was  placed  in  the  Cathedral  to  his  memory  by  the  Diocese. 

During  tlie  episcopate  of  the  second  Bishop  of  INIaine,  thirty-three 

[40] 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

parishes  and  missions  were  added  to  the  Diocese,  three  of  which  have 
since  been  discontinued;  the  episcopate  fund  reached  the  sum  of  S53,- 
147.01.  In  181)9  the  total  value  of  the  church  property  rose  to  §589,855 ; 


.^^^6»*.<2!«fc*i^ 


Rev.  Charles  T.  Ogdeii,  1  imelltiig  Missionary 
188.3-1911 

offerings  for  diocesan  purposes  to  $4816.64';  and  offerings  for  general 
purposes  to  $4234.39.  The  communicants  numbered  4023;  the  teachers 
in  Sunday-schools,  214;  the  pupils,  1855. 

At  a  special  Convention  of  the  Diocese,  held  in  St.  Lukes  Cathedral, 

[41    ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

Portland,  on  December  13,  1899,  the  Rev.  Robert  Codman  was  elected 
third  Bishop  of  Maine.  The  Very  Rev.  Ciiarles  Morton  Sills  presided, 
and  the  Rev.  Charles  FoUen  Lee  was  secretary.  Twenty-nine  clergymen 
were  present  and  representatives  from  the  following  parishes :  Portland, 
St.  Luke's,  St.  Stephen's,  and  St.  Paul's,  and  the  parishes  at  Bath,  Bruns- 
wick, Saco,  Biddeford,  Newcastle,  ^Viscasset,  Gardiner,  Augusta,  Hal- 
lowell,Thoniaston,  Camden,  Bangor,  Eastport,  Houlton,  Lewiston,  and 
Old  Town. 

Robert  Codman  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  December  30. 
18.59.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  was  graduated  from  Har- 
vai-d  University  in  1882,  three  years  later  from  the  Law  School,  and  was 
then  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  Bar.  He  graduated  from  the  General  The- 
ological Seminary  in  1894,  was  ordained  deacon  in  1893,  and  advanced 
to  tlie  priesthood  by  Bishop  Grafton  of  Fond  du  Lac  the  next  year.  He 
was  curate  of  All  Saints'  Church,  Ashmoiit,  and  Rector  of  St.  .lohns 
Church,  Roxbury,  Massachusetts.  He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Luke's 
Cathedral,  Portland,  on  St.  Matthias'  Day,  1900.  The  consecrators  were 
Bishop  William  Woodruff  Niles  of  New  Hampshire,  Bishop  AVilliam 
Croswell  Doane  of  Albany,  Bishop  Frederick  Dan  Huntington  of  Cen- 
tral New  York,  together  with  the  Bishops  of  Quebec  and  of  Frederic- 
ton.  He  received  the  degree  of  S.T.D.  from  Trinity  College  in  1900. 
and  of  D.D.  from  Bishop's  College,  Lenoxville,  in  1904.  He  married  in 
September,  1915,  Margaretta  Biddle  Porter,  daughter  of  Colonel  John 
Biddle  Porter  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  He  began  his  ministra- 
tions in  Maine  with  great  energy  and  enthusiasm  for  the  building  up  of 
the  Catholic  Faith,  and  under  his  leadership  the  Diocese  made  a  decided 
advance  in  many  directions.  Ten  new  missions  were  founded,  several 
churches  built,  the  most  conspicuous  of  which  is  the  Emmanuel  Chapel 
of  the  Cathedral,  which  Bishop  Codman  erected  at  his  own  expense  to 
the  memory  of  his  father,  mother,  and  brother.  He  also  made  over  and 
enlarged  the  Bishop's  House,  bought  a  house  for  the  Dean's  residence, 
and  at  his  death  left  a  sum  of  money  for  the  upkeep  of  the  property. 
He  urged  the  Parishes  to  build  rectories,  much  needed  for  the  proper 
provision  of  the  clergy,  and  gave  financial  encouragement  thereto.  He 
contributed  most  generously  of  his  substance  to  various  societies  of 
civic  and  moral  welfare.  Through  his  efforts  and  the  cooperation  of  the 

[  42  ] 


Emmanuel  Cliapel,  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  Purtland 


[43   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

clergy  and  laity,  the  Diocese  was  enabled  to  dispense  with  all  aid  from 
the  Board  of  Missions. 

He  died  October  7,  1915,  in  the  Peter  Bent  Brighain  Hospital,  Bos- 
ton, after  a  short  illness,  and  was  buried  in  Forest  Hills  Cemetery, 
Boston.  St.  Peter's  Church,  East  Deering,  one  of  the  last  missionary 
projects  of  the  Bishop  and  one  in  which  he  felt  a  peculiar  interest, 
was  designated  by  the  Convention  as  a  memorial  church  to  Bishop  Cod- 
man. 

At  the  close  of  the  third  episcopate,  there  were  in  the  Diocese  sixty 
parishes  and  missions  and  eighteen  summer  chapels ;  communicants, 
5589 ;  teachers  in  Sunday-school,  223 ;  pupils,  2275. 

In  1915  the  amount  given  for  diocesan  missions  was  $3,785.07  ;  for 
general  missions,f4,217.94;  amount  of  Episcopate  Fund  was  $64,553.77. 

Bishop  Brewster 

Ar  an  adjourned  session  of  a  special  Convention,  held  in  St.  Luke's 
L  Cathedral,  Portland,  on  January  26, 1916,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Benjamin 
Brewster,  then  Missionary  Bishop  of  Western  Colorado,  was  elected 
fourtli  Bishop  of  Maine,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Diocese  on  April 
21,  1916. 

Benjamin  Brewster  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  on  No- 
vember 25, 18G0.  He  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  Hopkins  Grammar 
School  in  that  city,  and  was  graduated  from  Yale  University  in  1882, 
and  from  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1886.  The  same  year  he 
was  ordained  deacon  and  the  following  year  priest  by  the  Rt.  Rev\ 
Henry  C.  Potter,  Bishop  of  New  York.  He  became  assistant  at  Calvary 
Church,  New  York,  and  Vicar  of  Calvary  Chapel.  He  was  Rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  Soutli  Orange,  New  Jersey,  and  later 
Rector  of  Grace  Church.  Colorado  Springs.  He  became  Dean  of  St. 
]Mark's  Cathedral,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  On  June  17, 1909.  he  was  con- 
secrated to  the  episcopate  in  that  church  by  the  Presiding  Bishop,  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  S.  Tuttle,  assisted  by  Bishop  Nichols  of  California  and 
Bishop  Chauncey  B.  Brewster  of  Connecticut.  Bishop  Griswold  of  Salina 
and  Bishop  Spalding  of  U^tah  were  the  presenters.  He  received  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.  from  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1919.  He  was 

[   44   ] 


BIS  TORICAL  SKE  TCH 

married  in  1891  to  Stella  Yates,  daughter  of  General  Charles  Yates  of 
New  York  City. 

At  the  close  of  the  convention  year  of  1919,  the  statistics  of  the  Dio- 
cese were  as  follows:  Sixty  parishes  and  missions,  and  eleven  stations 
included  under  the  name  of  the  Central  Maine  Mission;  eighteen 
summer  chapels;  5868  communicants;  214  teachers  in  Church  schools; 
2178  pupils;  contributions  for  diocesan  missions  were  $5,521.28;  for 
general  missions,  §3,137.80,  and  the  total  value  of  Church  property  was 
$1,015,650. 

In  one  hundred  years  of  diocesan  life  a  steady  growth  in  the  Church 
in  Maine  can  be  clearly  discerned.  It  has  overcome  prejudice,  preached 
the  Gospel  where  it  had  never  been  heard,  acquired  sufficient  material 
prosperity,  and  made  itself  felt  in  the  civic  life  as  a  decided  factor.  In 
spreading  over  a  larger  area  and  developing  a  more  complicated  organi- 
zation, the  Church  is  always  in  danger  of  losing  a  sense  of  its  corporate 
unity.  This  has  been  revived  in  the  diocesan  life  to  a  great  extent  by  the 
present  Bishop  who,  by  his  spiritual  large-mindedness,  heartfelt  friend- 
liness, and  winning  personality,  is  doing  much  to  bring  into  intelli- 
gent and  closer  relation  the  somewhat  widely  separated  elements  of  the 
Diocese,  thereby  laying  a  firmer  foundation  for  the  growth  of  a  second 
century. 


[   45   ] 


OJIIIIIIIIIIDIl 


Service,  Christ  Church,  Gardiner 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDINER 

BY  .lOSIAH  S.  :\IAXCY 

TO  pause  occasionally  in  the  midst  of  the  world's  activities  and 
review  the  annals  of  the  past,  to  take  fresh  inspiration  from  the 
achievements  of  those  before  us  and  to  record  the  fruits  of  their 
labor,  in  order  to  show  tiie  world  that  their  efforts  were  not  in  vain, — 
this  is  well. 

A  century  is  a  mile-stone  used  in  oiu'  country  in  the  computation  of 
time,  as  a  thousand  years  is  in  the  recorded  history  of  the  world,  or  a 
million  years  in  the  grov\i;h  of  our  planet. 

This  year  to  us  is  significaht;  it  is  the  century  mark  of  our  State,  which 
at  its  birth  brought  into  being  the  separate  Diocese  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  Maine,  and  it  marks  also  the  one  hundredth  birthday  of  this 
beautiful  structure. 

This  building  has  always  been  the  pride  of  our  citizens,  irrespective  of 
their  religious  belief.  We  have  been  proud  not  only  of  the  structure  itself, 
but  of  what  it  represents  and  of  the  work  of  this  parish. 

[   47  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

Neai'ly  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  ago  a  corporation,  known  as 
the  Plymouth  Company,  was  formed  to  exploit  the  land  upon  the  Ken- 
nebec River,  and  the  leading  spirit  in  the  enterprise  was  its  Moderator, 
Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner,  one  of  the  best  educated  physicians  in  the 
United  States,  the  fame  of  whose  surgical  operations  still  remains 
amontj  medical  historians.  He  settled  in  Boston,  where  in  connection 


/);■.  Si/lrester  Gardiner 

with  his  profession  he  carried  on  a  large  and  profitable  business  in  drugs 
and  medical  supplies. 

In  order  to  protect  settlers  from  the  ravages  of  the  Indians,  it  was 
necessary  to  erect  forts  along  the  Kennebec  River,  and  the  Plymouth 
Company  built  a  fort  at  Richmond  in  1750,and  in  ITS^  they  constructed 
Fort  Weston  at  Augusta,  and  Fort  Halifax  in  Winslow. 

The  same  year  Dr.  Gardiner  acquired  from  the  Company  the  land  on 
both  sides  of  the  Kennebec,  now  embraced  in  the  city  of  Gardiner  and 

[48  ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

the  towns  of  West  Gardiner,  Randolph,  Pittston,  and  adjoining  towns, 
then  an  unbroken  wilderness;  this  territory  was  called  Gardinerston. 
He  was  also  instrumental  in  forming  a  settlement  in  Pownalboro,  now 
Dresden,  which  was  soon  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Hei"e  a  large  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1761  for  county  purposes,  which  is  still  in  a  fine 
state  of  preservation,  and  in  this  church  services  were  held  until,  mainly 
through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  an  Episcopal  Church  and  parson- 
age were  built  in  1 770. 

Dr.  Gardiner's  was  a  strong  personality ;  with  wealth,  good  business 
judgment,  and  unbounded  energy;  one  of  the  type  which  has  always 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  development  of  new  countries, 
that  of  a  man  of  vision,  a  natural  explorer. 

Imagine  this  country  when  Dr.  Gardiner  came  into  possession,  with 
its  forest  extending  to  the  river,  its  only  occupants  the  roaming  Indians. 
He  subsequently  acquired  lands  in  other  towns  upon  our  river,  until  he 
had  a  vast  domain  of  thousands  of  acres. 

By  liberal  offers  he  induced  settlers  to  locate  here,  and  open  up  small 
farms.  To  protect  them  from  the  Indians,  he  erected  a  fort  upon  the  site 
now  occupied  by  the  Universalist  Church.  He  built  a  dam  with  the 
only  saw-mill  and  grist-mill  in  this  part  of  the  country.  Here  settlers 
from  miles  around  brought  their  corn  to  be  milled,  either  carrying  it  on 
their  backs  through  the  lonely  trails  in  the  forest,  or  bringing  it  in  their 
rude  dugout  canoes  on  the  waterways  of  the  two  rivers  which  met  at 
this  place. 

An  ardent  Churchman,  he  began,  in  1771,  the  erection  of  a  church 
which  stood  upon  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  parish  house;  and 
before  it  was  finished  services  were  held  there,  August  13,  1772,  by  the 
Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  a  missionary  located  at  Pownalboro.  On  this  occa- 
sion eighty  persons  were  present.  The  church  was  described  as  a  small 
square  building,  furnished  with  arched  windows,  and  a  slender  spire 
crowned  by  a  glittering  gilt  vane  in  the  form  of  a  sturgeon,  emblematic 
of  the  fish  so  abundant  in  our  rivers.  This  vane  was  a  present  from  Dr. 
Gardiner's  son,  AVilliam,  who  resided  here. 

The  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey  was  an  important  factor  in  the  Chui'ch  at  this 
early  period,  and  deserves  more  than  a  passing  notice.  He  was  born  in 
1731,  upon  a  rockv  and  barren  farm  in  the  town  of  Rowlev,  Massachu- 

[   49   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

setts.  His  parents  were  in  a  humble  station  in  life,  and  unable  to  give 
him  an  education,  but  through  the  efforts  of  the  Congregational  cler- 
gyman at  that  place,  funds  were  seciu-ed  which  enabled  him  to  attend 
Harvard  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1755.  He  was  a  classmate  of 


Chrisl  Church,  Gardhic 


John  Adams,  our  second  President,  with  whom  he  corresponded  for 
several  years. 

P'ollowing  the  custom  of  those  days,  on  account  of  the  poverty  of 
his  father  and  his  low  social  standing,  his  name  was  last  upon  the  roll 
of  his  class.  He  decided  to  become  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1760,  he  w^ent  to  England  and  received  orders  from  the  Bishop 
of  London.  He  obtained  an  appointment  as  missionary  to  America, 
and  part  of  his  salary  was  advanced  on  an  order  signed  by  the  king.  In 
his  journal  this  humble  clergyman  thus  describes  a  dinner  with  the 
Bishop  of  London :  "  ^^^e  had  ten  servants  to  attend  twenty-one  of  us, 
and  were  served  with  twenty-four  different  dishes,  dressed  in  such  an 

[  50] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GJRDIXER 

elegant  manner  that  many  of  us   could  scarce  eat  a  mouthful.  The 
drinking  vessels  were  either  of  glass  or  solid  gold." 

He  came  back  to  America,  and  on  July  1,  1760,  he  arrived  at  Pow- 
nalboro  to  assume  his  duties  as  missionary  under  the  employment  of 
the  Society  for  tlie  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  with 
a  salary  of  fitty  pounds  per  annum,  an  amount,  he  says,  beyond  his 
most  sanguine  expectations.  So  far  as  we  can  learn,  he  was  the  only 
clergyman  to  officiate  in  Gardiner  in  those  early  days. 


House  oj  the  Good  Shepherd 

In  his  diary  he  speaks  of  his  visits  to  the  Church  at  Cobbossee,  as  this 
region  was  then  called.  In  an  extract  from  a  letter  to  Dr.  Gardiner  in 
17G3,  before  any  church  was  built,  he  says,  "As  to  Cobbossee  I  am 
sorry  to  find  some  of  the  greatest  bigots  there  in  the  land  against  the 
Church  of  England.  I  was  lately  among  them  to  preach  a  lecture,  but 
the  people  excused  themselves  from  attending,  and  desired  that  I  would 
visit  them  on  a  Sunday.  I,  however,  preached  at  Captain  Howard's, 
f^ort  \A'^eston,  [Augusta,]  and  had  a  considerable  congregation  of  the 
upper  settlers." 

At  times  travel  between  Dresden  and  Gardiner  was  nearly  impos- 
sible. The  missionary  tells  of  a  trip  made  just  after  a  tremendous  storm 
had  swept  over  the  country:  "Fallen  tree  trunks  and  swollen  streams 
had  rendered  the  rude  foot-track  well  nigh  impassable,  and  it  was  not 

[   51    ]     ^ 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIJVE 

until  ten  o'clock  at  night  that  I  succeeded  in  reaching  Gardinerston. 
The  next  morning  I  preached  to  a  congregation  of  one  hundred  and 
four,  and  took  up  a  collection  of  eight  pounds  and  five  shillings."  We 
should  call  that  a  fair  collection  on  ordinary  occasions  even  in  these 
days. 

My.  Bailey's  life  was  full  of  care  and  trouble.  Upon  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Revolutionary  War,  he  remained  loyal  to  England.  On  this  ac- 
count he  and  his  family  were  subjected  to  much  hardsiiip.  They  were 
frequently  without  sufficient  food;  he  was  mobbed,  was  in  hiding  many 
times  to  save  his  life,  and  the  story  of  his  sufferings  reminds  one  of  the 
lives  of  the  martyrs.  Finally,  almost  destitute  of  clothing,  he  escaped 
with  his  wife  and  infant  by  a  small  sailing  vessel  to  Halifax.  They  set- 
tled at  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia.  Although  greatly  desiring  to  visit  the 
scene  of  his  early  labors,  he  never  was  able  to  return  to  this  country. 

Dr.  Gardiner  named  the  church  he  erected  in  Gardinerston,  St. 
Ann's  in  honor  of  his  eldest  daughter,  and  he  built  a  parsonage  for 
the  clergyman  near  the  site  of  the  present  home  of  Josiah  S.  Maxcy, 
on  Dresden  Avenue.  It  is  likely  that  a  bell  hung  in  the  spire  of  the 
church,  for  at  the  Easter  parish  meeting,  in  1773,  of  King's  Chapel, 
Boston,  it  was  voted,  "that  the  old  bell  with  the  appurtenances  be 
given  to  St.  Ann's  Church,  Gardinerston." 

Immediately  preceding  the  Revolutionary  War,  the  unsettled  con- 
dition of  the  country  prevented  the  finishing  of  the  church.  Dr.  Gar- 
diner, in  common  with  many  other  prominent  people,  remained  loyal  to 
the  Government.  When  the  British  troops  evacuated  Boston,  he  sailed 
with  them  to  Halifax  and  subsequently  went  to  England,  where  he  re- 
mained until  after  the  close  of  the  war.  Later  he  returned  to  this  coun- 
try and  became  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Newport.  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  there  in  1786,  and  so  great  was  the  respect  paid  to  his  memory 
that,  on  the  day  of  his  funeral,  the  business  houses  of  the  city  were 
closed  and  the  shipping  in  the  harbor  was  draped. 

Although  he  had  not  again  visited  his  possessions  in  Maine,  he  di- 
rected in  his  will  that  his  heirs  should  finish  the  church  and  also  pay 
the  sum  of  twenty-eight  pounds  sterling  annually  to  its  minister.  His 
Cobbossee  Contee  Tract  was  pledged  to  the  payment  of  this  trust. 
Following  the  English  custom,  he  stipulated  that  the  minister  must 

[   52   1 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

be  approved  by  his  lieir  and  by  a  majority  of  the  parishioners.  If  the 
greater  part  of  the  parish  objected  to  the  candidate  presented  by  the 
Gardiner  heir,  he  could  present  a  second  person ;  if  tiiis  one  Ukewise 
failed  to  please,  a  third,  "who  should  be  inducted,  any  opposition  not- 
withstanding." This  provision  was  never  insisted  upon  or  carried  out  by 
his  heirs. 

Dr.  Gardiner  left  also  ten  acres  of  land  for  a  glebe, — to  include  his 
parsonage  house, — and  "his  whole  library  to  be  used  by  the  clergy, Epis- 
copalian and  Dissenting,  and  by  the  Physicians  living  within  fifteen 
miles  east  and  west  of  the  Kennebec  River,  and  twenty  miles  north  or 
south  from  the  Church."  During  the  war  the  library  was  lost  or  stolen, 
so  the  community  never  benefited  by  his  gift. 

Gardinerston  was  at  first  a  plantation,  but  the  inhabitants,  desiring  a 
town  government,  applied  to  the  General  Courtof  Massachusetts,  which 
granted  them  a  charter,  P^ebruary  4,  1779,  under  the  name  of  Pittston. 
St.  Ann's  Church  seems  to  have  been  the  only  available  place  for  public 
gatherings,  as  nearly  all  the  town  meetings  of  Pittston  were  held  in  that 
building. 

Each  year  a  sum  of  money,  required  by  Massachusetts  laws,  was 
voted  for  preaching,  and  in  the  Pittston  I'ecords  we  find  this  vote: 
"Twenty  pounds  in  addition  to  sixty  pounds  previously  voted  to  hu'e 
a  person  to  keep  school  and  preach  for  nine  months."  Evidently  at  this 
time  the  town  took  charge  of  the  preaching,  but  later  sums  were  raised 
each  year  and  turned  over  to  the  parish  toward  the  support  of  their 
own  minister. 

In  1791,  in  the  call  for  a  town  meeting  in  Pittston.  an  article  was 
inserted, —  "To  see  if  the  town  will  vote  to  hear  the  Rev.  ^Ir.  AVarren 
as  a  candidate  on  the  Principals  of  the  will  of  the  late  Dr.  Gardiner  until 
next  March  meeting,  etc."  After  due  consideration  it  was  voted, — "  Not 
to  hear  him  at  all." 

In  the  parish  records  is  a  statement  signed  by  the  clerk  which  says: 
"The  Rev.  Joseph  ^^"arren  commenced  preaching  in  St.  Anns  Church, 
Pittston,  about  the  first  of  September,  1791,  and  dissolved  his  connec- 
tion with  said  Church  on  the  20th  of  July,  1796."  Evidently  the  town 
had  relented,  and  the  Rev.  .loseph  ^Varren  has  the  distinction  of  being 
the  first  settled  clergyman  on  record  in  this  parish,  or  in  this  city. 

[   53   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OE  MAIXE 

Up  to  this  time  St.  Ann's  Church  was  not  an  incorporated  body, 
the  building  being  the  property  of  Dr.  Gardiner  and  his  heirs.  March 
28,  1793,  thirty-five  citizens  of  Pittston  became,  by  an  act  of  the  Gen- 
eral Court  of  Massachusetts,  incorporated  into  a  pai'ish  by  the  name  of 
"  The  EpiscopaUan  Society  in  Pittston ; "  and  its  first  meeting  was  held 
June  1,  1793.  Some  of  the  incorporators  were  those  whose  names  have 
been  familiar  in  this  community.  The  most  prominent  was  General 
Henry  Dearborn.  When  Arnold  sailed  up  the  Kennebec  River  on  his 
disastrous  trip  to  Quebec,  in  1775,  General  Dearborn,  then  a  young 
man,  accompanied  him.  He  was  so  struck  with  the  beauty  of  this  place 
that  he  returned  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  built  a  home 
here,  and  became  our  leading  citizen.  During  the  trying  days  when 
there  were  discordant  elements  in  the  community,  he  was  a  tower  of 
strength.  Jefferson  made  him  Secretary  of  War,  and  Madison,  in  1812, 
appointed  him  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  United  States  Army.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  vestrymen  of  this  Church. 

Major  Seth  Gay,  another  of  the  original  vestrymen,  was  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  town,  and  was  its  postmaster  for  twenty-six  years. 
His  descendants  have  been  and  still  are  communicants  of  the  Church, 
and  his  great-grandson  is  a  member  of  the  present  vestry.  The  other 
vestryman  and  the  moderator  of  this  first  parish  meeting,  Jedidiah 
Jewett,  was  active  in  the  political  and  religious  affairs  of  the  town  and 
served  five  terms  as  representative  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachu- 
setts. He  was  a  nephew  and  namesake  of  the  minister  who  assisted  Mis- 
sionary Bailey  to  obtain  his  college  education. 

Other  names  prominent  inthe  affairs  of  this  city  are  Bradstreet,  Grant, 
Gay,  Berry,  Kimball,  Byram,  Parker,  and  Moore.  Nathaniel  Berry  was 
one  of  Washington's  Life  Guards.  Showing  the  changes  wrought  by 
time,  many  of  the  incorporators'  names  are  now  not  even  known  in 
our  city. 

At  the  first  parish  meeting  they  voted,  "that  the  pews  in  the  Church 
should  be  arranged  into  classes  numbered  and  taxed.  That  the  first  class 
should  be  taxed  at  four  pence  a  Sunday,  the  second  class  at  three  pence 
a  Sunday,  and  the  third  class  at  two  pence  a  Sunday,  and  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  pews  should  pay  accordingly." 

The  little  church  liuilding  was  never  entirelv  finished,  and  workmen 

[   54   ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

were  engaged  upon  it  when,  on  the  22d  of  August,  171*3,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  the  town,  an  old  Revolutionary  soldier  who  had  be- 
come deranged,  fancied  that  the  Lord  had  ordered  him  in  expiation  of 
his  sins  to  make  a  burnt  offering  of  the  church  and  kill  its  minister.  On 


'-'««*' 


St.  Ann's  Church,  Gardiner:  Second  Building 

that  day,  carrying  some  live  coals  in  a  baby's  shoe  from  his  home,  he 
crept  into  the  church  unnoticed,  deposited  them  among  the  shavings, 
and  the  little  structure  was  soon  completely  destroyed.  He  intended 
also  to  kill  the  rector,  the  Rev.  Joseph  ^^"arren,  who  boarded  at  General 
Dearborn's,  but,  fearing  the  General,  he  took  as  a  substitute  for  his  sac- 
rifice a  woman  bearing  the  same  name  as  the  rector.  He  called  at  her 
home,  but  found  she  had  gone  up  the  Cobbossee  stream  to  visit  her  sick 
mother.  He  followed  in  his  canoe,  found  her  at  the  home  of  her  mother, 
and  before  he  could  be  prevented,  snatched  a  knife  from  a  table  and  cut 
the  throat  of  Mrs.  AVarren  from  ear  to  ear. 

The  undaunted  Churchmen  called  a  meeting  six  days  later  at  the 
dwelling  of  General  Dearborn  and  voted,  "to  build  another  Church  fifty 
feet  in  length,  thirty-five  in  width,  and  the  posts  fifteen  feet  long,  with 
a  porch  or  belfry  twelve  feet  square.  No  steeple." 

That  fall  theybegan  the  erection  of  the  building,and  the  next  sununer 
the  new  St.  Anns  Church,  though  not  entirely  finished,  was  occupied. 

[   55   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MMJS'E 

The  funds  were  furnished  through  the  legacy  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  with  the 
aid  of  the  townspeople  and  offerings  of  parishes  in  Boston,  Newbury- 
port,  and  Salem.  The  building  was  very  plain  inside  and  out.  There  was 
but  one  aisle,  with  two  rows  of  high  pews,  each  furnished  with  a  door, 
a  plain  reading  desk,  and  a  pulpit  of  the  old-fashioned  style,  with  wind- 
ing steps.  In  those  days  there  were  no  stoves  for  heating  churches,  but 
a  potash-kettle  did  duty  instead. 

In  April,  1794,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Warren  again  assumed  his  position 
as  rector,  which  had  been  so  tragically  interrupted.  He  was  given  the 
loose  contributions  of  money  in  addition  to  a  salary  of  seventy-two 
pounds,  and  he  was  promised,  if  he  should  marry,  an  additional  salary 
of  eighteen  pounds. 

It  is  interesting  to  read  the  Church  records  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
years  ago.  Next  to  the  discussion  concerning  the  minister  and  his  salary, 
the  sexton  received  the  most  attention.  Nearly  every  year  the  office  of 
sexton  was  put  up  at  auction  and  bid  off"  for  from  $10  to  $11.50  or  $12 
a  year.  Twice  they  were  obliged  to  throw  in  the  use  of  half  a  pew  with 
the  salary.  Among  the  sextons  were  some  of  the  most  prominent  men 
of  the  town. 

One  year  the  parish  voted,  "to  accept  the  minister  as  long  as  he  and 
they  could  agree."  Another  year  they  voted,  "that  the  minister  should 
receive  his  stipulated  salary  until  three-fifths  of  the  Society  are  opposed 
to  him  and  he  could  not  dissolve  his  ministerial  connection  without  the 
approbation  of  a  majority  of  the  members,  or  until  six  months  after 
he  had  notified  said  Society  of  his  wish  or  intention  to  leave  and  they 
should  consider  such  notice  to  be  expedient  or  beneficial  to  them." 

A  few  years  later  the  minister  desired  to  accept  a  call  to  another 
State  and  addressed  a  touching  letter  to  the  parish,  giving  as  his  reason 
his  state  of  health,  and  adding, "with  this  single  object  in  view,  I  am 
prepared  to  meet  the  distress  of  dissolving  a  most  amiable  and  interest- 
ing connection ;  to  incur  the  unnamed  censures  to  which  such  a  trans- 
action never  fails  to  give  occasion;  and  especially  to  become  the  object 
of  the  taunts  and  abusive  maledictions  of  the  fanatical,  but  wicked, 
pretenders  to  superior  goodness;  from  whose  calumnies,  the  purest 
moti\'es,  and  the  most  upright  behavior,  form  no  security."  This  touch- 
ing appeal  brought  this  vote:  "  His  dismission,  agreeably  to  his  request." 

[56] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

At  a  meeting  lield  June  5,  1802,  they  voted,  "that  this  Society  adopt 
the  Constitution  and  Canons  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  as 
estabhshed  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  that  their  parochial 
proceedings  be  at  all  times  regulated  agreeably  thereto." 

At  that  time,  being  without  a  rector,  they  "  employed  a  reader  at 
83.50  per  week,  including  his  boarding." 

Another  year  they  voted  '■  a  salary  to  their  minister  of  8330  and  the 
use  of  a  dwelling,  or  8360  without  the  use  of  a  dwelling,  at  the  future 
option  of  the  Society." 

By  the  will  of  Dr.  Gardiner  nearly  all  of  his  estate  went  to  his  son, 
William,  and  at  his  death,  which  occurred  a  year  after  the  Doctor's,  it 
descended  to  his  grandson,  Robert  Hallowell,  the  son  of  his  second 
daughter.  This  young  lad  was  but  four  years  of  age  at  the  death  of  Dr. 
Gardiner,  and,  as  the  property  was  entailed,  nothing  was  done  to  pro- 
tect it.  Robert  Hallowell  became  of  age  in  1803,  when  he  assumed  the 
name  of  Gardiner ;  and  from  that  date  the  name  of  Robert  Hallowell 
Gardiner  has  been  an  honored  one  in  our  city.  Five  of  the  descendants 
of  Dr.  Gardiner  in  direct  line  have  borne  that  name. 

In  that  year,  by  act  of  the  legislature,  that  part  of  Pittston  west 
of  the  Kennebec  River  became  the  town  of  Gardiner.  Although  the 
legal  title  of  the  parish  was  the  "Episcopalian  Society  of  Pittston," 
after  the  town  west  of  the  river  was  incorporated  as  Gardiner,  the  Church 
records  immediately  changed  the  name  to  the  "Episcopal  Society  of 
Gardiner.' 

By  act  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  passed  February  28, 
1807,  the  name  was  legally  changed  to  the  "  Episcopal  Society  of  Gar- 
diner," but  no  mention  is  made  of  it  in  the  records. 

When,  in  1803,  Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner,  who  had  been  in  delicate 
health  from  childhood,  came  to  this  place,  he  faced  a  situation  that  might 
have  daunted  a  much  older  and  stronger  man. 

The  town  at  that  time  was  in  a  chaotic  condition.  For  over  twenty 
years  the  entailed  land  had  not  been  open  to  purchasers,  so  that  only 
eleven  settlers  had  valid  titles  to  their  homes,  while  eighty-six  were 
squatters,  a  disagreeable  and  unsatisfactory  community.  JNlills,  dam, 
wharACS,  and  buildings  were  in  a  dilapidated  condition.  Xo  carriage 
road  led  into  the  town,  but  all  connection  with  the  outside  world  was 

[  57  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

by  water  and  bridle  paths.  Even  tlie  clearings  were  scattered,  and  the 
forest  came  nearly  to  the  church  doors. 

He  built  new  dams,  mills,  and  wharves,  and  aided  practically  every 
business  enterprise  which  started  in  our  community.  From  that  time  on 


liohrrt  Ilnlluiirll  (iardinei;  I7St2-1864. 

he  was  the  prominent  man  of  our  town  and  one  of  the  influential  men 
of  our  State. 

To  encourage  thrift,  he  founded  our  Savings  Institution,  the  second 
oldest  in  the  State,  and  was  its  President  until  his  death.  He  built  the 
Gardiner  Lyceum,  the  flrst  technical  school  in  the  country,  subscribed 
liberally  to  the  building  of  steanaboats.  aided  the  railroad  which  came  to 
our  city,  and  was  our  first  mayor.  His  literary  ability  was  of  the  highest, 

■      [  58   ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  LiJRDlXER 

and  for  several  years  he  held  the  office  of  President  of  the  Maine  His- 
torical Society.  In  1804  he  became  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church, 
at  which  time  he  presented  St.  Ann's  with  a  silver  Connnunion  service ; 
in  1809.  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven,  he  became  a  vestryman  and  three 
years  later  senior  warden,  filling  one  of  these  positions  each  year  until 
his  death,  a  period  of  tifty-five  years.  From  the  time  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  vestry  he  largely  assumed  the  care  and  responsibility  of  the 
Church.  He  was  the  second  person  cliosen  a  delegate  to  the  Diocesan 
Convention  from  this  parish,  being  first  elected  in  1810.  With  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Diocese  in  this  State  in  1820,  he  was  elected  a  delegate 
to  the  General  Convention,  and  he  was  reelected  each  session  while  he 
li\'ed.  From  1820  to  the  present,  he,  or  his  namesakes,  son  or  grandson, 
have  been  elected  to  every  General  Convention,  except  four,  and  at 
several  he  was  a  delegate  from  Maine  and  his  eldest  son  from  Georgia. 

Mr.  Gardiner  left  a  journal  which  gives  us  much  of  the  history  of  this 
Church.  His  account  of  its  affairs  and  its  ministers  from  1793  to  1847 
has  been  published,  together  with  Miss  Gilmore's  admirable  and  full 
description  of  the  parish  from  its  beginning  to  1893. 

Mr.  Gardiner  tells  how  in  the  early  days  when  his  church  was  closed 
he  attended  another  ;  and,  as  no  doubt  others  have  done,  he  speculated 
whether  worship  could  be  beneficial  conducted  by  a  minister  whose  man- 
ner and  matter  were  uninteresting,  with  little  to  engage  the  mind  or  the 
affections:  but  he  concluded  "that  upon  the  whole  it  was  at  least  useful. 
The  people  collected  with  clean  faces  and  clean  clothes.  They  sat  still 
and  were  serious,  they  heard  scraps  of  Scripture,  they  sang  hymns,  many 
of  them  of  an  elevating  character,  and  if  their  thoughts  were  not  raised 
by  the  preacher  to  the  contemplation  of  the  atti-ibutes  of  their  Creator 
and  Redeemer,  they  yet  received  some  vague  notions  of  worship  due  to  an 
invisible  God."  These  were  the  impressions  of  over  a  lumdred  years  ago. 

In  1809  the  Episcopal  Church  in  this  coimtry  was  in  a  very  depressed 
condition.  The  political  preference  of  its  ministers  for  the  Mother  Coun- 
try, where  many  had  been  educated  and  all  had  received  their  commis- 
sions to  preach  the  gospel,  had  produced  a  strong  prejudice  against  it. 
Thus  there  were  few  candidates  for  the  ministry ;  and  from  1809  to  1817 
there  were  no  Episcopal  clergymen  in  the  State.  This  parish,  despair- 
ing of  finding  one.  engaged  a  minister  of  another  denomination,  and 

[   59  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

the  Bishop  was  requested  to  admit  him  to  orders.  "  Though  well-inten- 
tioned he  proved  to  be  a  very  ordinary  man  with  a  large  family  of  rude, 
ungoverned  children,  not  sufficiently  under  control  to  enter  the  house 
of  God  with  decency."  As  the  parish  did  not  increase  under  his  ministry, 
he  was  soon  notified  that  his  connection  with  it  would  cease.  At  that  time 
there  were  probably  only  seven  or  eight  communicants  in  the  Church. 

For  many  years,  whenever  they  were  without  a  clergyman,  JMr.  (iar- 
diner  conducted  the  service  himself.  In  1816  he  organized  a  Sunday- 
school  for  the  instruction  of  youth  ;  and  for  many  years  he  was  its  super- 
intendent. It  was  one  of  the  first  in  New  England,  and  for  many  years 
the  only  one  in  this  State. 

During  the  years  spent  without  a  clergy  man,  the  funds  raised,  together 
with  the  legacy  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  were  used  for  the  erection  of  a  new 
parsonage,  the  old  one  having  fallen  into  decay;  and  the  dw^elling  now 
owned  by  Judge  Spear  on  Dresden  Avenue  was  built  and  later  used  as 
one.  Several  years  afterward  this  was  sold,  and  a  dwelling  which  then 
stood  opposite  the  house  of  Henry  Richards  was  purchased  and  occu- 
pied as  a  parsonage  ;  but,  being  inadequate  for  that  pui-pose,  it  was  dis- 
posed of,  and  the  present  parsonage  in  its  very  desirable  location  was 
purchased,  largely  through  the  generosity  of  one  of  the  liberal-hearted 
women  parishioners. 

In  November,  1817,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Olney  became  the  rector ;  and  soon 
the  little  building  became  so  crowded  that  the  parish  voted  to  build 
a  larger  church.  Plans  were  drawn  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Jarvis,  of  New 
York,  which  were  modified  by  reducing  their  measurements  ten  feet  in 
length  and  six  feet  in  width.  On  November  30,  1818,  a  contract  M'as 
entered  into  with  Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner  to  build  the  church,  and 
he  presented  the  parish  with  the  lot  on  which  the  church  stands. 

At  this  time  the  question  arose  whether  the  legacy  of  Dr.  Gardiner 
to  St.  Ann's  Church  could  legally  be  claimed  by  the  Episcopal  Society 
of  Gardiner,  and  to  settle  the  question  an  act  was  passed  by  the  Massa- 
chusetts General  Court,  June  19,  1819,  which  reads:  "The  name  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  town  of  Gardiner,  heretofore  known  by  the 
name  or  style  of  St.  Ann's  Church  or  otherwise  Episcopal  Society  of 
Ciardiner,  shall  cease,  and  shall  be  called  and  known  as  Christ's  Church." 

One  hundred  and  one  years  ago  to-dav,  on  Monday  afternoon.  May 

[  60  ]    ■ 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

31,  1819,  the  cornerstone  of  the  present  building  was  laid.  Appropriate 
religious  services  were  held  in  the  old  church,  and  then  the  clergy,  sing- 
ers, and  congregation,  together  with  members  of  the  Supreme  Judicial 


Rer.  Gideon   IV.  Olney 

Court  of  ]Massachusetts,  marched  to  the  new  site.  An  exhortation  and 
prayer  was  made  by  the  Rev.  Gideon  W.  Olney,  after  which  a  silver 
plate,  bearing  on  one  side  the  date  of  the  transaction  and  name  of  the 
principal  benefactor,  and  on  the  other  the  name  of  the  rector  and  church 
officers,  was  deposited  under  the  corner  and  the  stone  laid  in  its  place 
by  the  Senior  Warden,  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  assisted  by  the  master 
builder.  "Slv.  Gardiner  made  an  address  suitable  to  the  occasion.  The 
Church  records  state:  "  The  services  were  solemn,  impressive,  and  ap- 

[  61   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MALYE 

propriate,  and  excited  a  strong  interest  in  the  numerous  congregation 
assembled  upon  the  occasion." 

The  stones  of  the  building  were  brought  from  a  quarry  in  Litchfield, 
on  clumsy  scows  propelled  by  horse  power,  down  the  Cobbossee  River 
to  the  New  jNIills,  whence  they  were  hauled  to  this  location. 

On  the  18th  of  October,  1820,  the  church  was  consecrated  by  the  Rt. 
Rev.  Bishop  Grisvvold,  of  Massachusetts.  Seven  clergymen  were  in  at- 
tendance. The  Rev.  Dr.  Jarvis,  of  Boston,  delivered  a  sermon  suitable 
to  the  occasion,  and  communion  was  administered  by  the  Bishop. 

It  was  planned  to  pay  for  the  building  by  the  sale  of  pews,  Mr.  Gar- 
diner personally  guaranteeing  one-half  of  the  cost.  Pews  were  engaged 
and  notes  given,  but  many  failed  to  keep  their  pledges,  and  ^Ir.  Gar- 
diner was  obliged  to  bear  the  greater  part  of  the  cost  himself 

Without  question  this  church  must  then  have  been  the  finest  in  the 
State  and  certainly  among  the  best  in  New  England.  It  is  a  fitting 
memorial  to  the  generosity  of  its  principal  donor. 

In  looking  over  the  Church  records  we  find  no  mention  of  the  dedi- 
cation of  the  church,  of  the  cost  of  the  building,  or  how  it  was  borne. 
Unless  this  was  done  at  the  earnest  request  of  JNIr.  Gardiner,  it  seems  a 
strange  omission.  The  only  mention  of  the  nQ\w  church  was  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  parish,  September  4, 1820,  when  it  was  voted,  "  To  give  R.  H. 
Gardiner,  Esq.,  permission  to  build  a  row  of  tombs  on  the  south  side 
of  the  new  Church,  the  sales  of  which  are  to  be  appropriated  to  the  pur- 
cliase  of  an  organ  for  said  new  Church,  or  to  some  other  object,  at  the 
election  of  said  Gardiner,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Parish." 

In  1824  "]Mr.  Gardiner  presented  the  Church  with  an  organ  and  also 
gave  five  of  the  six  tombs  which  he  had  built,  to  the  Society  to  be  sold 
and  the  monies  arising  from  the  sale  to  be  used  in  ornamenting  the 
Church." 

In  order  to  beautify  this  part  of  the  town,  Mr.  Gardiner  presented  the 
park,  or  connnon,  as  we  call  it,  fronting  the  church  and  its  yard,  thus 
securing  this  beautiful  open  space  for  all  time. 

The  interior  of  this  building  has  been  greatly  altered.  The  pews  were 
originally  high,  large,  and  enclosed  by  doors.  The  two  rear  pews  on  the 
main  aisle,  "  where  sat  officials  armed  with  long  poles  ready  to  tap  of- 
fending bovs."  w^ere  elevated  above  the  rest.  The  pulpit  was  a  high  one, 

[  62  ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

having  an  ascent  of  five  or  six  steps  with  a  door  which  the  rector  closed 
upon  entering.  In  1857  the  pulpit  was  removed  and  the  pews  were 
cnanged  to  their  present  size  and  shape;  by  this  change  twenty  addi- 
tional pews  were  added.  At  first  the  organ  and  choir  were  located  in 
the  gallery,  but  in  1880  the  organ  was  moved  to  its  present  location. 

It  seems  incredible  that  no  provision  was  made  for  heating  the  build- 
ing, and  we  can  imagine  the  discomfort  to  those  who  attended  services 
in  the  winter  months.  Seventeen  years  after  its  erection  a  small  stove 
was  placed  in  one  corner,  but  it  was  many  years  before  a  furnace  was 
installed  and  a  chimney  added.  The  only  method  at  first  for  lighting 
this  building  was  by  candles. 

The  old  church  was  sold  to  the  town  to  be  used  for  a  town  house, 
and  the  proceeds  purchased  the  new  bell.  At  this  time  it  was  the  only 
bell  in  the  city,  and  its  use  was  sought  oti  many  occasions.  At  last  it 
was  thought  necessary  to  restrict  it,  and  the  parish  voted,  "  that  it  should 
be  rung  only  for  public  worship,  for  funerals,  for  town  business  and  Ly- 
ceum Lectures;"  but  a  year  later  they  added,  "that  it  could  be  rung 
for  Temperance  meetings."'  Since  its  installation,  until  recentlv,  it  has 
rung  every  day,  morning,  noon,  and  evening;  the  evening  curfew  is  still 
continued.  Lentil  a  fire  whistle  was  installed,  this  bell  warned  our  people 
of  all  fires  in  this  vicinity. 

For  a  time  the  old  building  was  used  for  a  schoolhouse.  For  two 
years  the  Methodist  Society  occupied  it  for  church  purposes.  It  also 
served  as  offices  for  the  town,  and  there  all  public  meetings  were  held. 
After  several  years  it  was  abandoned  by  the  town,  the  doors  and  win- 
dows were  taken  out,  and  it  became  a  ruin  and  the  abode  of  tramps. 
On  the  night  of  .luly  4,  1833,  it  was  set  on  fire  by  some  of  the  boys  of 
the  neighborhood  and  thus  passed  out  of  existence. 

In  1820,  through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Gardiner  and  Simon  Qreenleaf, 
of  Portland,  members  of  the  only  Episcopal  Churches  in  ^Nlaine.  the 
separate  Diocese  was  formed.  Mr.  Gardiner  says:  "There  seemed  some- 
thing preposterous  in  our  two  feeble  Churches  being  admitted  to  an 
e([ual  voice  in  the  affiiirs  of  the  Church  with  the  numerous  rich  and 
powerful  Churches  in  the  state  of  New  York."  Through  the  influence 
of  Massachusetts,  these  men  were  admitted  as  Deputies  to  the  General 
Convention,  and  the  Diocese  of  Maine  was  i-ecognized. 

[  &^o  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

The  Rev.  INIr.  Olneys  influence  was  destroyed  when  he  refused  com- 
munion  to  some  of  his  parishioners  who  participated  in  a  dance  given 
m  the  city,  and  Mr.  Gardiner  speaks  with  regret  of  the  incident.  In 
consequence  the  attendance  diminished  and  Mr.  Ohiey's  resignation 
was  accepted. 

Again  the  records  of  the  Church  tell  us  interesting  incidents  in  con- 
nection with  its  history.  One  clergyman  asked  for  a  month's  vacation, 
as  his  health  required  it.  They  voted  him  "  a  month's  relaxation  in  warm 
weather,  but  would  indulge  the  hope  that  so  long  a  period  would  not 
generally  be  found  to  be  necessary."  Showing  the  changes  of  time,  some 
forty  years  later  a  clergyman  made  a  month's  vacation  a  condition  be- 
fore accepting  the  pastorate. 

At  one  of  the  meetings  when  a  clergyman  was  elected  the  following 
comment  appears:  "A  few  months  since  we  were  sheep  without  a  Shep- 
herd, and  were  scattered  upon  the  mountains,  because  we  had  no  one 
to  guide  us.  But  in  our  sorrows  the  Lord  had  mercy  upon  us  and  pro- 
vided us  a  Pastor  whom  we  all  esteem,  whom  we  all  respect  and  in 
whom  we  all  feel  confidence  as  our  spiritual  instructor  and  friend.  May 
his  ministry  be  long  and  useful  and  yield  abundant  fruit  to  the  glory 
of  God  and  the  salvation  of  men.  May  many  souls  be  given  to  him  as 
the  seals  of  his  ministry  and  the  crown  of  his  rejoicing  in  the  day  of  the 
Lord."  The  writer  of  this  flowery  quotation,  at  that  time  clerk  of  the 
parish,  was  Dr.  Enoch  Hale,  principal  of  the  Lyceum.  Later  he  became 
an  uncle  of  the  famous  Edward  Everett  Hale.  We  are  sorry  to  note 
that  in  a  few  years  this  Shepherd  was  dismissed  because  his  flock  had 
lost  confidence  in  him  as  a  spiritual  leader. 

One  of  the  rectors  complained  that  his  congregation  diminished  be- 
cause a  majority  of  the  pews  were  held  by  a  single  individual.  When 
Mr.  Gardiner  heard  the  suggestion,  he  informed  the  parish  that  he  would 
cheerfully  convey  to  them  all  the  pews  he  owned  in  the  church,  except- 
ing those  required  for  the  convenience  of  himself  and  family,  and  this 
was  done. 

Soon  after  the  church  was  built,  it  was  utilized  by  the  town  in  a 
practical  way.  A  large  brick  underground  cistern  was  built  in  the  road 
opposite  the  church,  and  the  rainwater  from  the  roof  was  conducted 
into  it  and  used  for  supplying  the  hand  engines  when  fires  occurred  in 

[  64  ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

this  vicinity.  On  many  occasions  it  proved  its  usefulness,  until  the  in- 
troduction of  the  city  water  in  1885. 

Mav  13, 1849,  the  first  by-laws  that  governed  the  action  of  the  parish 
were  adopted,  although  previously  it  had  been  under  the  general  Canons 
and  Constitutions  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  New  by-laws  and  the  ones 
they  now  use  were  adopted  April  10,  1869. 

Dr.  Gardiner's  legacy,  a  charge  upon  all  property  in  this  city,  was 
annually  paid  to  the  parish  for  a  hundred  years  after  his  death,  when, 
bv  act  of  our  Maine  legislature,  it  was  allowed  to  be  connnuted  into 
cash  and  was  paid,  in  1880,  to  Trustees,  in  whose  keeping  it  still  serves 
its  original  purpose,  together  with  the  other  gifts  of  Dr.  Gardiner  and 
his  grandson. 

One  curious  thing  we  note  in  looking  over  the  records,  —  the  first 
mention  of  a  woman's  name,  in  1873,  when  Maria  Storrs  was  appointed 
a  member  of  a  committee  to  raise  funds.  Once  since,  the  name  of  a 
woman  is  mentioned,  a  member  of  the  Music  Committee.  At  a  parish 
meeting  some  twenty  years  ago  we  find  this  vote,  "That  every  woman 
present  try  to  raise  five  dollars  in  some  way  before  Friday  night,  to  pay 
the  indebtedness."  Who  can  say  what  part  women  will  bear  in  parish 
affairs  in  the  next  hundred  years? 

In  1903,  when  the  town  was  a  century  old,  services  were  held  in  this 
building  commemorative  of  the  event. 

Mr.  Gardiner  tells  of  the  trials  in  having  the  church  properly  sup- 
plied by  rectors  until  the  arrival  of  Bishop  Burgess,  on  the  6th  of  No- 
vember, 1847,  after  he  had  been  made  a  Bishop  on  his  thirty-eighth 
birthday.  At  that  time  there  were  only  seven  Episcopal  parishes  in 
Maine,  —  Portland,  Saco,  Bangor,  Augusta,  Brunswick,  Milford,  and 
Gardiner,  —  and  this  was  the  most  flourishing.  For  nineteen  years  the 
first  Bishop  of  Maine  resided  here,  one  of  our  leading  citizens,  a  friend 
to  all.  No  man  ever  lived  in  this  city  who  commanded  more  respect 
than  Bishop  Burgess.  We  remember  him  well  as  he  walked  our  streets, 
tall,  straight,  and  spare;  his  white  hair  and  saintlv  placid  face  gave  him 
a  beautiful  appearance,  and  though  he  was  but  fifty-seven  years  of  age 
when  he  left  us,  one  could  easily  believe  he  had  fully  passed  threescore 
years  and  ten.  When  making  calls  upon  his  parishioners  in  the  country, 
he  invariably  carried  an  open  book  in  his  hand,  reading  as  he  walked.  A 

[  65   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

remark  concerning  him  made  by  my  father,  when  I  was  a  boy,  made  a 
lasting  impression  on  me.  He  said,  "the  Bishop  is  one  of  the  few  men  who 
desires  to  pay  his  full  measure  of  taxes ;  he  even  requests  that  his  prop- 
erty have  a  higher  valuation  than  that  placed  upon  it  by  the  assessors." 

Bishop  Burgess  was  deeply  interested  in  all  that  concerned  the  politi- 
cal, the  moral,  and  the  spiritual  life  of  our  city.  For  several  years  he 
served  upon  our  board  of  education,  and  by  his  suggestions  and  his  per- 
sonal influence  did  much  to  inci-ease  the  efficiency  of  our  schools.  Dur- 
ing the  dark  days  of  the  Rebellion,  when  men  trembled  for  the  safety 
of  the  Union,  he  had  implicit  faith  in  the  Government;  with  his  voice 
and  by  his  pen  he  aided  and  encouraged  those  who  were  battling  with 
treason.  In  his  daily  life  in  our  city,  or  when  attending  his  duties  in  his 
church,  he  was  ever  kind,  considerate,  and  thoughtful,  making  no  dis- 
tinction between  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the  learned  and  the  ignorant, 
the  godly  and  the  erring.  He  was  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him ;  his  life 
and  his  example  were  an  inspiration  not  only  to  his  parish,  but  to  our 
entire  community. 

Mr.  Gardiner's  family  took  a  deep  interest  in  this  Church,  both  before 
and  after  his  death.  His  son-in-law,  Francis  Richards,  served  as  vestry- 
man and  warden  for  twenty  years,  and  it  was  chiefly  through  his  effiarts 
that  the  parish  house  was  built  in  1841.  Three  of  JMr.  Richards'  sons 
have  filled  the  position  of  warden  or  vestryman,  and  one  of  them. 
General  Richards,  is  the  oldest  living  ex-official  of  this  Church.  His 
service  dates  back  forty-flve  years. 

Mr.  Gardiner  left  three  sons.  The  eldest,  named  for  him,  resided  in 
this  city  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  became  clerk  of  the  church  in  1834, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  and  part  of  the  time  was  a  member  of  the 
vestry.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  he  was  made  senior  warden,  which 
position  he  held  as  long  as  he  lived.  Occupying,  as  I  did,  the  same  office 
room,  and  meeting  him  daily,  I  was  aware  of  the  interest  he  manifested 
in  the  affairs  of  the  Church,  not  only  in  this  parish,  but  also  in  the  Mis- 
sionary Society,  of  which  he  was  treasurer  for  years.  Time  and  again 
he  would  borrow  on  his  own  responsibility  the  money  necessary  to 
meet  the  salaries  of  resident  missionaries,  saying,  "They  must  be  paid 
promptly;  how  else  can  they  hve?"  His  death  in  1886  was  a  great  loss 
to  the  Church. 

r  66  ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  CJRDIXER 

His  second  son.  Colonel  Gardiner,  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and 
did  effective  service  in  the  Civil  War.  He  was  the  father  of  our  present 
senior  warden,  the  third  Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner,  a  man  who.  fol- 
lowing the  custom  of  his  family,  gives  generously  to  this  parish,  and 
devotes  much  of  his  time  and  energy  not  only  to  its  interests,  but  to 
the  ecclesiastical  interests  of  the  whole  State.  He  has  identified  himself 


Robert  HalloweU  Gardiner,  Esq. 

with  the  work  of  Church  Unity,  which  has  carried  his  name  beyond  our 
land,  into  the  remote  parts  of  the  earth.  He  has  filled  the  position  of 
warden  of  this  parish  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

The  third  son,  the  Rev.  Frederic  Gardiner,  D.D.,  was  a  fine  type  of 
clergyman,  and  was  also  a  professor  in  one  of  the  Divinity  schools  of 
another  State.  Although  never  settled  over  this  parish,  he  frequently 
supplied  its  pulpit.  Mr.  Gardiner's  youngest  daughter.  Sister  Eleanor, 
the  last  of  her  generation,  now  living  at  the  age  of  ninety-five,  has 
devoted  her  entire  life  to  the  Church. 

Miss  Gilmore  in  her  history  has  fittingly  described  the  labors  of  the 
earlier  clergymen,  while  my  generation  has  been  personallv  acquainted 
"   ^       [   67  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

with  those  who  have  officiated  here  since  the  death  of  Bishop  Burgess, 
each  of  whom  has  left  his  impression  upon  the  Ufe  of  the  parish.  Ilhis- 
trating  the  change  of  sentiment  between  the  clergymen  and  parishion- 
ers,! remember  well  discussions  which  took  place  when  one  of  the  rectors 
delivered  a  sermon  against  the  evils  of  intemperance,  ci'iticising  the  law- 
breakers who  carried  on  illegal  traffic  in  liquor.  Some  of  his  parishioners 
said,  "  He  should  be  driven  from  the  city.  No  minister  has  any  right  to 
carry  his  private  opinions  into  the  pulpit ;  he  should  preach  only  from 
the  Bible,  and  not  mix  in  the  secular  affiiirs  of  life." 

Bishop  Burgess  was  succeeded  by  one  of  his  pupils,  the  Rev.  John 
T.  Magrath.  He  was  born  in  this  city  in  1842,  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
College  at  the  age  of  twenty,  was  principal  of  our  High  School,  and  stud- 
ied for  the  ministry  with  Bishop  Burgess.  His  is  the  only  case  of  a  person 
born  in  Gardiner  who  became  a  clergyman  and  settled  over  a  parish  in 
this  city. 

It  is  nearly  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  since  Dr.  Gardiner  made 
his  first  settlement ;  and  we  have  been  able  to  discover  only  four  per- 
sons, born  in  Gardiner,  who  became  clergymen:  one  in  1796,  one  in 
1811,  one  in  1822,  and  one  in  1842.  Two,  the  Rev.  Frederic  Gardiner 
and  the  Rev.  JNIr.  JNlagrath,  were  Episcopalians,  while  the  other  two 
were  JNIethodists ;  and  for  practically  one  hundred  years  we  have  had 
no  native-born  minister  save  Mr.  Magrath.  IMr.  Magrath  was  made  a 
delegate  from  this  parish  to  attend  the  Consecration  service  in  Trinity 
Chapel,  New  York,  January  25,  1867,  when  the  Rev.  Heiny  A.  Neely 
was  made  Bishop  of  INIaine.  INIr.  INIagrath,  though  beloved  by  his  parish, 
officiated  here  only  about  two  years,  when  he  received  a  call  to  INlichi- 
gan,  where  he  remained  eleven  years.  Nearly  all  the  rest  of  his  life  was 
passed  in  INIassachusetts.  He  was  Rector  of  Christ  Churcli,  Hyde  Park, 
and  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  JNlattapan  ;  and  he  also  served  as 
assistant  in  Emmanuel  Church  and  Trinity  Church,  Boston. 

In  1005  he  was  instrumental  in  building  on  the  island  of  Southport 
in  this  State,  a  beautiful  chapel,  "All  Saints'-by-the-Sea,"  wliich  was 
consecrated  by  Bishop  Codman.  The  Rev.  Mr.  ^lagrath  died  in  1908, 
and  his  body  is  interred  in  our  Oak  Grove  Cemetery. 

The  Rev.  Christopher  S.  Leffingwell  was  here  for  ten  years,  a  length 
of  service  exceeded  only  by  that  of  Bishop  Burgess  and  the  present 

[  68   ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

rector.  He  was  a  courteous  gentleman,  beloved  by  the  townspeople  as 
well  as  by  his  parish.  In  1879  he  went  to  Bar  Harbor  and  took  charge  of 
a  chapel  built  there  by  the  sunnner  residents.  He  remained  its  rector  for 
twenty  years,  until  St.  Saviour's  Mission  ranked  in  importance  with 
the  largest  parishes  of  the  Diocese.  He  was  an  Honorary  Canon  of  St. 
Luke's  Cathedral.  Through  his  efforts  a  flourishing  Mission  was  started 
at  Hull's  Cove,  where  an  attractive  chapel  was  built.  He  died  in  1902, 
in  his  se\'enty-flfth  year. 

The  Rev.  Leverett  Bradley  was  a  man  of  strong  personality  and  broad 
religious  views.  Before  coming  to  this  parish  he  had  been  an  assistant 
to  Phillips  Brooks,  the  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  from  whom 
he  derived  many  of  his  ideas.  His  work,  like  that  of  Bishop  Brooks,  was 
original  and  impressive.  The  number  at  his  services  in  this  parish  was 
the  best  testimonial  of  his  spiritual  power  and  effectiveness,  and  here  lie 
made  many  warm  personal  friends.  He  interested  himself  in  the  affairs 
of  our  city,  and  it  was  largely  through  his  efforts  that  our  Public  Library 
was  erected.  His  was  the  spirit  of  the  pioneer ;  and  when  he  answered 
the  call  to  a  larger  field  and  harder  service,  not  only  the  parish,  but  the 
whole  city,  was  loath  to  have  him  go.  From  here  he  went  to  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  where  through  his  efforts  a  beautiful  chin-ch  was  soon 
erected.  He  was  then  called  to  St.  Lukes  Church,  Philadelphia,  where 
he  had  ample  scope  for  his  full  powers.  He  died  there  in  1902,  in  his 
fifty-sixth  year,  worn  out  before  his  time. 

The  Rev.  Charles  L.  AN^ells  was  a  young  clergyman  who.  during  his 
four  years'  pastorate,  endeared  himself  not  only  to  the  members  of  his 
parish,  but  to  the  townspeople  as  well.  He  had  a  beneficial  influence  over 
the  young,  and  interested  them  in  the  better  things  of  life.  He  left  this 
parish  to  take  a  professorship  at  Seabury  Divinity  School,  Minnesota. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  from  Harvard,  and  is 
the  author  of  several  important  publications.  He  has  had  charge  of  a 
number  of  large  parishes  in  this  country,  and  has  acted  as  professor  at 
Harvard  University  and  McGill  University,  ^lontreal.  At  present  he  is 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  at  Sewanee,  Tennessee. 

The  Rev.  Allen  E.  Beeman,  who  followed  "Sir.  Wells,  was  a  fine 
scholar  and  devoted  to  the  Church.  Under  his  pastorate  the  vested  choir 
was  inaugurated,  and  through  his  interest  many  valuable  Church  rec- 

[   69  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MM.VE 

ords  and  papers  were  disc()\  ered  and  arranged  in  an  orderly  manner. 
From  this  parish  Mr.  Beeman  went  to  Christ  Church,  Bridgeport,  Con- 
necticut, and  thence  to  Grace  Church,  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  In 
1897  he  became  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Fairfield,  Connecticut, 
which  position  he  still  fills.  He  is  also  Archdeacon  of -Fairfield  County, 
in  that  State. 

The  present  rector,  the  Rev.  Robert  W.  Plant,  began  his  services  in 


Rev.  Robert  JV.  Plant 

February,  1894,  and  has  been  with  us  more  than  a  quarter  of  the  time 
which  spans  the  history  of  this  building.  As  every  one  is  aware,  he  is 
a  man  of  unbounded  energy  and  tireless  in  his  work,  which  extends  be- 
yond the  immediate  parish.  He  is  a  wonderful  organizer,  not  only  as 
leader,  but  as  co-laborer  in  the  various  affairs  in  which  he  has  been  in- 
terested. His  work  in  bringing  the  Children's  Home  from  another  city 
and  erecting  the  building  now  called  the  "  House  of  the  Good  Shep- 
herd," speaks  volumes  for  his  humaneness  and  efficiency.  Any  one 
who  takes  unhappy  children  from  unfortunate  surroundings  and  places 
them,  not  in  an  institution,  as  it  is  generally  conducted,  but  in  a  real 
home  with  elevating  and  Christianizing  influences,  deserves  the  thanks 

[  70] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

of  the  entire  coinimuiity.  Mr.  Plant  is  always  ready  to  cooperate  in  the 
charities  of  our  city;  he  has  been  active  in  the  management  of  our  public 
hospital,  and,  as  is  well  known,  has  always  lent  his  aid  to  the  affairs  of 
the  Church  throughout  the  entire  Diocese. 

The  parish  records  show  that  in  the  last  one  hundred  and  thirty  years, 
since  1791,  seventeen  clergymen  have  officiated.  Only  one  of  these,  the 
Rev.  .Toel  Clap,  who  was  here  eighty  years  ago,  has  I'elatives  now  living 
in  this  city.  The  same  family  are  also  descendants  as  far  as  the  sixth 
generation  of  Henry  Smith,  one  of  the  first  wardens,  chosen  in  1793. 

After  the  death  of  Bishop  Burgess,  the  Convention  for  the  selection 
of  a  new  bishop  was  held  in  this  church,  on  the  30th  of  October,  1866, 
when  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Xeely,  D.D.,  was  elected  to  fill  the  position, 
and.  as  was  natural,  Portland  was  chosen  as  the  Cathedral  city  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  Maine. 

Since  Dr.  Gardiner  erected  his  little  church,  many  strong  men  and 
women  have  given  their  time,  their  energy,  and  their  means  towards  the 
development,  gi'owth.  and  success  of  this  parish.  It  would  be  impossible 
to  enumerate  them  all,  but  three  persons  stand  out  so  prominently  that 
tablets  commemorative  of  their  deeds  have  been  placed  on  these  walls. 
^Ve  turn  to  the  one  in  memory  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  for  he  it  was  who  first 
planted  the  cross  in  this  part  of  the  country ;  who,  when  dying  in  another 
State,  reverted  in  thought  to  the  little  church  on  the  banks  of  our  river; 
and  who.  by  his  will,  left  a  portion  of  his  land  and  an  annuity  towards 
its  perpetual  support.  The  words  on  the  tablet  are  in  Latin,  briefly  de- 
scribing his  life,  and  this  memorial  was  placed  here  by  his  grandson 
when  the  church  was  built. 

Again  our  minds  recall  the  one  who  conceived  and  built  this  struc- 
ture, who  watched  over  and  cared  for  this  parish  until,  in  the  fullness  of 
time,  he  was  gathered  to  his  fathers.  Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner  died  at 
his  beautiful  home  in  this  city,  in  April,  1864,  at  the  age  of  fourscore 
years  and  two,  in  the  full  possession  of  his  faculties  and  surrounded  by 
his  family,  to  whom  he  was  devoted.  His  was  a  beautiful  ending  to  a 
long,  busy,  useful  life,  and  he  must  have  recalled  with  satisfaction  his 
many  deeds  for  the  betterment  of  mankind.  Fittingly  did  a  grateful 
people  inscribe  these  words  to  his  memory:  "From  youth  to  age  their 
Leader.  Benefiictor  and  Godlv  Example." 

'     [  71   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

Then  we  think  of  the  Hfe  and  example  of  the  first  Bishop  of  Maine, 
and  are  grateful  that  he  was  permitted  to  carry  on  his  work  in  this  city. 
In  his  ministry  to  mankind  he  labored  beyond  his  strength,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1865-06  he  sought,  too  late,  for  rest  and  relief  in  a  visit  to  the 
milder  climate  of  the  West  India  Islands.  At  sea,  on  his  return  voyage 
to  his  home  in  this  city,  he  met  his  tragic  death.  How  well  the  words  on 
yonder  tablet  in  this  building,  where  so  many  of  his  useful  hours  were 
spent,  describe  Bishop  George  Burgess! 

Learned,  J mlkious,  saintly  ; 

Living  for  Christ  and  the  Church; 

Loving  all,  beloved  by  all; 

Faithful  in  every  trust,  eve7i  unto  death. 

Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner  and  Bishop  Burgess  both  sleep  in  the  little 
yard  beside  the  church  they  loved  so  dearly,  "They  rest  from  their 
labors;  and  their  works  do  follow  them." 

Thus  briefly  have  we  sketched  the  principal  events  in  the  life  of  this 
parish,  from  the  time  when,  in  colonial  days,  Dr.  Gardiner  planted  in 
the  wilderness  his  little  church,  which,  twenty  years  later,  was  to  be 
destroyed  by  a  maniac ;  we  have  told  how  the  sturdy  pioneers  erected 
another  in  its  place,  which  served  their  purpose  until  a  man  of  vision 
and  generous  impulse  gave  to  this  community  the  structure  whose  hun- 
dredth birthday  we  now  celebrate. 

We  have  seen  its  name  changed  from  "St.  Ann's,"  bestowed  upon  it 
by  the  donor  of  the  little  edifice,  in  1771,  to  "The  Episcopalian  Society 
in  Pittston,"  then  to  "The  Episcopal  Society  of  Gardiner,"  and  once 
again  to  "  Christ's  Church  in  Gardiner."  Under  authority  of  a  general 
law  of  Maine  for  the  "Incorporation  of  Parishes,"  on  April  8,  1869,  it 
adopted  the  title  of  "  The  Rector,  Wardens  and  \'^estrymen  of  Christ 
Church,  Gardiner,  County  of  Kennebec,"  which  legal  title  it  now  bears. 

We  love  to  call  it  "  the  old  historical  Church,"  not  only  of  our  city, 
but  of  our  State,  and  well  has  it  borne  its  honors. 

Our  beautiful  church,  built  before  any  newspaper  in  the  town  could 
note  its  existence,  looked  graciously  down  upon  the  first  steamboat 
that  laboriously  worked  its  way  to  our  wharves;  it  heard  the  eai'liest 
click  recorded  by  a  telegraphic  instrument,  and  it  welcomed  the  iron 

[   72  ] 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDIXER 

horse  when  it  came  to  this  part  of  the  world.  At  its  birth  no  adequate 
means  of  heating  or  hghting  were  available,  and  it  antedates  nearly  all 
of  our  modern  comforts  and  conveniences.  Nobly  has  it  weathered  each 
storm,  and  it  bids  fair  to  continue  on  its  even  course  for  many  a  century 
to  come.  Wliat  will  it  chronicle  before  its  next  centennial!  No  human 
eye  can  look  into  its  future,  no  human  hand  can  draw  aside  the  curtain 
which  veils  its  unknown  destiny. 

And  now,  on  its  hundredth  birthday,  the  voices  of  architect  and  donor 
are  silent,  the  faithful  workmen  who  laid  the  stones  and  hewed  the 
wood  are  taking  their  well-earned  rest,  and  even  the  eyes  of  the  chil- 
dren who  daily  watched  its  growth  are  closed  in  their  last  sleep.  Gone 
are  the  builders,  but  not  forgotten.  This  beautiful  structure,  with  its 
gray  stones,  its  sturdy  tower  and  tapering  spire,  its  vaulted  ceiling  and 
stained  windows,  reflects  the  glory  of  its  makers.  The  echo  of  its  bell, 
which  for  a  century  has  sent  men  to  labor,  called  them  to  refreshment, 
and  lulled  them  to  sleep,  is  one  of  our  earhest  recollections  ;  and  to  the 
ear  of  any  child  of  this  town,  no  other  bell  can  have  so  sweet  a  sound. 

To  those  of  us  who  were  born  and  have  always  dwelt  in  this  city,  the 
"  old  stone  Church  "  seems  like  a  part  of  our  very  existence;  our  mem- 
ory of  it  goes  back  to  the  dim  and  uncertain  impressions  of  our  earliest 
days  ;  and  I  believe  we  should  more  deeply  regret  its  loss  than  that  of 
any  other  structure  in  our  city. 

For  many,  many  years,  ay,  for  centuries  to  come,  may  the  doors  of 
this  church  swing  open  with  a  gracious  welcome  to  the  friendless  and 
to  "the  stranger  that  is  within  its  gates;"  may  its  old  spire  remain  sil- 
houetted against  the  evening  sky ;  and  may  the  tones  of  its  bell,  joy- 
fully ringing,  float  over  this  valley  for  our  pleasure  and  comfort  us  in 
our  sori'ow. 

May  the  members  of  this  parish  pass  on  to  the  children  of  the  coming 
generations  a  rich  legacy  of  unsullied  achievement ;  may  they  broaden 
in  sympathy  for  others  of  less  favored  Uves,  and  may  they  more  and 
more  stand  for  the  unselfish,  the  noble  things  of  life. 


[  73   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MMNE 

THE  llECTOHS  OF  CHKIST  CHCUCH,  GAKDIXEU 

1.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Warren,  September  ],  1T91-July  20,  1796. 

2.  The  Rev.  James  Bowers,  July  20,  179C-April  19,  1802. 

3.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Haskell,  July  11,  1803- June  1,  1809. 

4.  The  Rev.  Aaron  Humplirey,  June  1,  1810-April  19,  1814. 

5.  The  Rev.  Gideon  W.  Olney,  September  27,  1817-April  10,  1826. 

6.  The  Rev.  Eleazar  M.  P.  Wells,  :March  8,  1827-September  17,  1827. 

7.  The  Rev.  Thomas  T.  ^V.  Mott,  August  9,  1828-March  20,  1830. 

8.  The  Rev.  Isaac  Peck,  April  19,  1830-October  26,  1831. 

9.  The  Rev.  Joel  Clap,  :\Iay  12,  1832-Warcli  24,  1840. 

10.  The  Rev.  William  R.  Babcmk,  July  8,  1840 -October  1.  1847. 

11.  The  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  October  4,  1847-April  23,  1866. 

12.  The  Rev.  John  T.  Magrath,  April  23, 1866-October  18, 1868. 

13.  The  Rev.  Chi-istopher  S.  Leffingwell,  February  7, 1869-May  1,  1879. 

14.  The  Rev.  Leverett  Bradley,  September  14,  1879- September  12,  1884. 

15.  The  Rev.  Charles  L.  Wells,  November  24,  1884-.January  12, 1888. 

16.  The  Rev.  Allen  E.  Beeman,  April  2,  1888-N()vember,  1893. 

17.  The  Rev.  Robert  W.  Plant,  February  4, 1894. 


[    74   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAINE 

BY  KIGHT  KEY.  BEX.IAMIX  BUEWSTEK 
I 

ONE  hundred  years  ago,  '"The  Eastern  Diocese"  was  the  ec- 
clesiastical designation  of  the  entire  area  of  New  England, 
with  the  important  exception  of  Connecticut.  Of  this  extensive 
Diocese  the  Bishop  was  Alexander  \'iets  Griswold,  in  whose  election 
at  Boston,  a  decade  earlier,  after  a  long  period  of  extreme  depression, 
doubt,  almost  chaos,  in  the  Churches  of  Xorthern  New  England,  the 
Hand  of  God  may  be  clearly  discerned  by  the  observant  eye  of  feitli.^ 
To  Bishop  Griswokl.  therefore,  belonged  the  Episcopal  jurisdiction  of 
Maine  in  1820.  when  this  State  was  admitted  to  the  Federal  Union.  It 
would  appear  that  the  actual  exercise  of  that  jurisdiction  was  little  more 
than  nominal  prior  to  that  date.  This  was  probably  inevitable  when  we 
consider  the  character  of  the  Bishop's  field,  described  in  his  "Life"  as 
"a  body  of  few,  feeble  and  scattered  parishes  some  of  which  were  al- 
ready falling  into  ruins"  in  "four  rugged  states,  and  one  bleak  extoislve 
Territory''  (meaning  Maine)."  Add  to  this,  that  the  Bishop  was  obliged, 
for  his  maintenance,  to  continue  in  the  position  of  rector  of  a  parish  at 
Bristol,  Rhode  Island,  and  we  shall  be  indisposed  to  attach  any  blame 
to  Bishop  Griswold  for  his  not  visiting  the  "bleak,  extensive  Territory" 
of  Maine  m  the  early  part  of  his  episcopate. 

He  presided,  however,  at  the  third  Convention  of  the  Church  in  this 
State,  held  in  Portland,  October  2,  1822,  and  on  this  occasion  "deliv- 
ered an  excellent  sermon,  and  administered  Confirmation  and  the  Sac- 
rament of  the  Lord's  Supper."^  It  further  appears  from  the  records 
that  in  response  to  a  committee  formally  appointed  to  wait  upon  the 
Bishop,  and  thank  him  for  this  discourse  and  request  a  copy  for  the 
press,  the  Bishop,  with  characteristic  humility,  declined  to  comply  with 
the  request.* 

'  See  the  entire  account  of  the  proceedings  leading  to  this  historic  event,  and  of  tlie  attitude  of  Oriswold.  in  Memoir 

of  Bishop  Grisnold.  pp.  130-163  :  especially  p.  131,  and  pp.  150, 161. 

'Stone,  Memoir  of  Bishop  Griswold.  p.  162. 

'  Journal  of  Cotivention  of  Diocese  of  Maine.  MSS.  Copy.  p.  12. 

'  Ibid.,  p.  1-t. 

[   75  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

It  is  worthy  of  note,  as  illustrating  the  unique  ecclesiastical  situation 
existing  in  the  Eastern  Diocese,  that  while  the  organization  of  the 
Chui'ch  in  Maine  as  an  integral  unit  was  consummated  in  1820,  with 
a  Constitution  formally  adopted  and  delegates  elected  to  the  General 
Convention,  nevertheless  the  Church  here  still  considered  itself,  and 
was  regarded  without  question,  as  belonging  to  the  Eastern  Diocese. 
Evidence  of  this  was  the  election  of  the  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  (iar- 
diner,  as  "a  delegate  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  this  State 
to  the  Diocesan  Convention  to  be  held  at  New^  Port  in  the  State  of 
Rhode  Island."  Once  more,  however,  so  undeveloped  and  uncertain 
was  this  matter  of  canonical  relation  (possibly  the  uncertainty  was  con- 
nected with  prevalent  political  notions  about  "states'  rights"),  that  a 
special  resolution  was  passed  by  this  initial  State  Convention,  "That 
the  Right  Reverend  the  Bishop  of  the  Eastern  Diocese  be  requested 
to  exercise  Episcopal  jurisdiction  over  the  Church  in  this  State."' 

That  jurisdiction  Bishop  Griswold  continued  to  exercise  until  his 
death  in  1843.  Ten  Diocesan  Conventions  in  Maine  were  presided  over 
by  him,  and  he  made  himself  felt  in  the  diocesan  life,  consecrating 
Trinity  Church,  Saco,  St.  John's,  Bangor,  and  St.  JNlark's,  Augusta, 
and  furthering  actively  the  promotion  of  missionary  work  in  the  State. 
In  connection  with  the  consecration  of  St.  John's,  Bangor,  in  October, 
1839,  the  Bishop's  biographer  gives  the  following  illustration  of  his 
neglect  of  his  own  convenience,  where  Chin-ch  work  w^as  concerned : 

"He  was  engaged  to  consecrate  the  new  church  at  Bangor,  Maine  ; 
and  several  of  his  clergy  had  consented  to  accompany  him.  There  were 
two  ways  of  reaching  that  city  of  the  East;  the  one  by  steamer,  and 
the  other  by  stage.  And,  as  the  season  of  the  year  made  travelling  by 
land  extremely  tedious  and  uncomfortable,  his  clergy  chose  the  former, 
as  being  at  once  comfortable,  and  if  wind  and  tide  favored,  expeditious. 
But,  as  there  was  an  'if  on  that  way,  and  as  the  mail-coach  was  ordi- 
narily sure  of  reaching  its  destination  with  punctuality,  even  though  it 
were  to  be  dragged  through  the  night,  as  w^ell  as  through  the  mud,  the 
Bishop  chose  this;  and  the  result  was,  that  he  reached  Bangor  in  season, 
consecrated  the  Church  at  the  hour  appointed,  and,  with  the  departing 

'  Journal  of  Convention,  MSS.  Edition,  p.  6.  See  comments  by  Rev.  Dr.  Stone  in  Memoir  of  Bishop  Grimrold. 
pp.  264,  266.  He  notes  the  record  made  by  Bishop  Griswold,  that  "  agreeably  to  this  request,  they  were  annexed  to 
the  Ea.stern  Diocese." 

[   76  ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAINE 

congregation,  was  just  leaving  the  Sanctuary  as  his  more  comfort-loving 
clergy  reached  the  wharf  of  the  steamer."^ 

In  the  matter  of  general  missionary  effort,  Bishop  Griswold  was  among 
the  foremost  to  awaken  the  Church  in  this  country  to  some  sense  of  her 
duty.  He  was  directly  instrumental  in  the  sending  out  of  the  very  first 
foreign  missionary  from  this  American  Church,  —  the  Rev.  Joseph  R. 
Andrus,  who  in  1817  was  sent  to  Ceylon  by  the  English  Church  Mis- 
sionary Society ;  and,  througli  his  cordial  correspondence  with  the  Eng- 
lish Society,  it  came  about  that  the  sum  of  two  hundred  pounds  was 
appropriated  by  that  Society  to  encourage  "  The  Protestant  Episcopal 
Missionary  Society  in  the  United  States  for  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Missions,"  upon  its  organization  in  1820.^ 

Not  wholly  without  point  to-day  are  his  remarks  on  giving  to  mis- 
sions in  his  Convention  Address  in  1820: 

"In  every  State,  should  be  a  Missionary  Society,  encouraged  by 
every  parish,  and  supported  by  every  Churchman.  .  .  .  The  apology, 
which  is  usually  made,  for  not  asking  the  people  to  contribute  is,  that 
the  parishes  are  poor,  and  their  burthens  already  heavy:  facts,  which  we 
well  know  and  sensibly  feel.  But  this  excuse,  as  I  conceive,  is  founded 
on  a  misapprehension  of  what  is  required.  It  is  not  enjoined  upon 
any  parish,  or  individual,  to  contribute  anything  but  what  can  be  given 
with  convenience,  and  with  a  'willing  mind.'  It  is  required  only  that 
our  people  may  have  an  opportunity  to  give.  .  .  .  Permit  me,  my  clerical 
brethren,  to  ask,  whether  xw  are  not  the  chief  delinquents  in  this  thing. 
.  .  .  Are  not  the  people  more  i-eady  to  give  for  this  noble  purpose,  than 
we  to  ask  ?  Are  we  duly  mindful  of  our  Lord's  command  to  preach  His 
Gospel  to  every  creature?"^ 

A  few  sentences  from  the  same  address,  discussing  the  policy  of  a 
proposed  Church  paper  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  indicate  the  attitude 
of  this  truly  evangelical  Bishop  in  an  era  embittered  by  religious  con- 
troversy and  prejudice: 

"Let  us  also  be  careful  to  manifest  a  spirit  of  candor,  charity  and 
Christian  love.  The  best  evidence  that  we  are  indeed  Christians,  is  lov- 
ing those  who  love  the  Lord  Jesus.  ^Ve  had  never  surely  more  occa- 

'  stone,  Memoir  of  Bishop  Gristvold.  pp.  363.  -AM. 
'  Ibid.,  pp.  240-24".  '  Ibid.,  pp.  266.  267. 

[   77   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

sion  for  the  exercise  of  forbearance;  but  though  we  are  reviled,  let  us 
not  revile  again;  but,  as  much  as  lieth  in  us,  live  peaceably  with  all 
men." ' 

In  1832,  eleven  years  before  Bishop  Griswold's  death,  it  was  an  indi- 
cation of  the  growth  of  the  Church  within  his  field,  and  also  of  the 
recognition  of  its  unwieldy  size,  that  the  Convention  of  the  Eastern 
Diocese  recommended  that  the  several  Dioceses  composing  it  withdraw 
as  soon  as  might  be,  and  erect  themselves  into  distinct  diocesan  units. 

^'ermont  was  the  first  to  withdraw,  and  its  first  Bishop  (the  Right 
Rev.  J.  H.  Hopkins)  w^as  elected  and  consecrated  that  same  year,  1832. 
In  1836  ]Maine  voted  to  ask  permission  "  to  withdraw  from  the  Eastern 
Diocese  w^henever  we  can  attain  the  appointment  of  a  resident  Dio- 
cesan;" and  also  appointed  a  committee  to  "ascertain  how  large  a  sum 
can  be  secured  for  the  support  of  a  Bishop." - 

At  the  death  of  Bishop  Griswold,  February  15,  1843,  Maine  was  still 
too  weak  to  elect,  or  to  support,  a  resident  Bishop,  and  after  Bishop 
Eastburn,  who  had  been  consecrated  Assistant  Bishop  of  Massachu- 
setts at  the  end  of  1842,  declined  the  additional  responsibility  of  JMaine, 
our  Diocese  turned  to  the  Right  Rev.  .John  I'rentissK.  Henshaw,  Bishop 
of  Rhode  Island,  who  was  consecrated  in  August,  1843. 


II 
Bishop  Henshaw  for  four  years  did  very  faithful  work  in  Maine,  pre- 
siding at  all  the  annual  Conventions,  consecrating  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Brunswick,  and  making  five  missionary  journeys  in  the  Diocese.  His 
careful  addresses  to  the  Conventions  show  not  only  diligent  attention 
to  the  details  of  oi'ganization,  but  a  deep  solicitude  for  the  matters  of 
highest  import,  as  in  his  exhortations  to  the  clergy  to  "preach  the  Word 
in  simplicity,  in  purity  and  in  power,"  and  to  labor  in  season  and  out 
of  season  "in  the  administi'ation  of  discipline  and  Sacraments,  in  the 
catechising  of  the  young,  in  the  visitation  of  the  sick  and  the  whole 
w  ithin  their  cures,  and  in  the  exercise  of  all  the  high  functions  of  their 
holy  office."^  His  episcopate  fell  in  a  season  of  controversy  within  the 

'  stone.  "Stemnirof  Bishop  Griswold,  p.  269. 

'  MSS.  Journals,  p.  108.  '  Journal  of  Cmnnxtiim.  1S47,  p.  11. 

[   78  ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MMXE 

Anglican  Comnniiiioii;  l)ut  we  find  Bishop  Henshaw  witnessing  to  his 
faith  in  this  Church  of  his  love: 

'•The  severe  trials  to  which  she  has  been  subjected,  whether  from  in- 
testine treachery  or  outward  assaults, .  .  .  have  served  only  to  bring  out 
in  bolder  relief  those  conservative  principles  which  are  inwrought  in  her 
divine  constitution,  to  display  the  power  of  her  hidden  but  divine  bond 
of  unity  —  indestructible,  because  divine;  and  to  demonstrate,  more  con- 
clusively than  ever,  that,  as  a  Church  founded  upon  the  Rock,  the  gates 
of  Hell  shall  never  prevail  against  her."' 

We  see  him  promoting  systematic  offerings,  not  only  for  the  extension 
of  missionary  work,  "but  also  to  keep  up  within  the  limits  of  the  Dio- 
cese, a  supply  of  Sunday  School  books,  of  Prayer  Books,  and  tracts 
illustrative  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Church."^ 

From  the  first.  Bishop  Henshaw  had  felt  the  importance  of  a  resident 
Bishop  for  ^Maine,  as  soon  as  the  canonical  requirements  for  an  election 
should  be  fulfilled.^  In  1847  the  conditions  for  the  realization  of  this 
long-deferred  hope  had  arrived;  and  at  a  special  convention  on  Octo- 
ber 4.  attended  by  eight  clergymen  of  the  Diocese*  and  twenty-four  lay- 
men representing  the  seven  parishes  then  composing  the  Diocese,^  by 
the  unanimous  votes  of  both  orders,  on  the  first  ballot,  the  Rev.  George 
Burgess,  D.D.,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  was  duly  elected  the  first 
Bishop  of  ]Maine." 

Ill 
Rich  indeed  was  the  spiritual  endowment  brought  to  the  episcopate  by 
Bishop  Burgess.  His  was  an  alert  mind  trained  by  diligent  study,  a  spirit 
without  guile  deepened  by  constant  prayer.  The  old-fashioned  training 
of  a  New  England  college,  the  logical  discipline  of  a  course  in  the  law, 
German  university  life  under  such  teachers  as  Schleiermacher  and 
Xeander,  had  all  contributed  to  his  intellectual  culture.  Stedfast  in  the 
evangelical  faith  that  had  drawn  to  the  Church  his  boyish  loyalty,  con- 
vinced in  his  reasoned  attachment  to  Apostolic  Order,  he  had  the  gift 

'  Journal  of  Convention.  1S45,  p.  12.  -  Ihid..  !»«,  p.  16. 

'See  Convention  Address  in  1W4,  Journal  for  1S!A.  P-  16. 

'There  were  two  others  not  pre.sent.  one.  Rev.  John  Blake,  a  chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and  one.  Rev.  D.  R. 

Goodwin,  a  professor  in  Bowdoin  College. 

'Journal  of  Convention,  IM',  p.  5.  '  Ibid.,  p.  5. 

[   79] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

of  speaking  the  truth  in  love.  The  tine  Hterary  sense  which  beguiled  his 
rare  leisure  hours,  prompting  the  composition  of  graceful  poems  redo- 
lent of  classic  lore,  was  balanced  by  a  practical  judgment,  brought  un- 
ceasingly into  submission  to  the  will  of  God. 

Christ  Church,  Hartford,  was  his  only  parish  in  the  thirteen  years  of 
ministry  before  his  episcopate.  The  atmosphere  of  Connecticut  church- 
manship  could  not  fail  to  influence  Burgess  in  his  outlook  upon  the 
burning  ecclesiastical  questions  of  his  time,  helping  to  steady  him,  and 
to  modify  to  some  extent  his  attitude  towards  that  evangelical  school 
in  the  Church  to  which  his  training  and  his  disposition  inclined  him. 
And  not  to  be  forgotten,  in  this  summary,  are  those  indispensable  qual- 
ities belonging  to  the  parish  priest — faithful  care  for  the  individual  souls 
of  his  flock,  diligent  and  systematic  preparation  of  sermons — which 
this  happy  pastorate  in  Hartford  developed  in  him,  and  which  charac- 
terized him  to  the  end  of  his  life. 

For  the  situation  in  INIaine  required  that  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese 
should  also  be  the  rector  of  a  local  parish.  Here  in  Gardiner  he  minis- 
tered as  the  priest  and  pastor  of  the  people.  For  eighteen  years  this 
stately  edifice  gathered  attentive  congregations  for  his  scholarly  instruc- 
tion and  the  inspiration  of  his  genuine  though  sober  eloquence ;  while 
the  families  of  his  flock  welcomed  him  as  a  frequent  guest,  and  received 
his  untiring  ministrations  in  seasons  of  sickness  or  sorrow.  Who  can 
measure  the  spiritual  debt  which  this  venerable  parish,  including  hun- 
dreds who  have  gone  out  from  here  far  and  wide  through  our  land, 
owes  to  this  man  of  God ! 

In  the  first  paragraphs  of  Bishop  Burgess'  first  Convention  Address, 
in  1848,  he  sounded  some  notes  which  should  still  find  a  response  in  our 
minds  and  hearts: 

"High  thoughts,  in  this  our  day  of  weakness,  would  seem  impossible; 
but  we  cannot  forget  that,  in  ages  to  come,  a  great  commonwealth  may 
look  back  to  this  day,  as  no  unimportant  point  in  its  religious  history. 
The  progress  and  permanence  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in 
these  regions  is  no  matter  of  conjecture,  nor  even  of  mere  hope;  it  is  in 
the  hands  of  time  and  truth.  ...  I  would  urge  that,  now  and  hereafter, 
our  Conventions  should  be  occasions,  not  of  a  simple  discharge  of  canon- 
ical requisitions,  but  of  fervent  supplication,  of  fraternal  communion, 

[80] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAIXE 

of  full  deliberation,  and  of  free  consultation  or  discussion.  ...  It  is  im- 
portant, in  the  conununity  in  which  we  labor,  where  the  nature  of  the 
Episcopal  office  is  sometimes  so  greatly  misapprehended  by  strangers, 
that  it  should  be  with  some  distinctness  understood  by  all,  that  no 
authority  resides  in  that  office  which  is  at  variance  with  the  free  spirit  of 
our  national  institutions,  or  with  the  conscientious  exercise  of  the  duty 
of  private  judgment  and  action.  When  we  meet,  my  brethren,  let  it  be 
with  the  temper  of  brethren, — 'in  honour  preferring  one  another.'"^ 
In  the  Convention  Address  of  the  following  year  he  gives  utterance  to 
his  ideal  of  the  Church's  ]Mission: 

"We  wish  to  lift  high  and  spread  abroad  the  simple  unchanged  Gos- 
pel of  Christ,  as  it  was  held  in  the  beginning;  not  burdened  with  super- 
stitious additions,  nor  narrowed  within  sectarian  bounds,  nor  widened 
into  unmeaning  generalities ;  the  Gospel  of  the  Old  and  the  New  Tes- 
tament ;  the  Gospel,  as  it  is  seen  by  the  honest  eye  of  common  sense 
throughout  these  Scriptures,  one  great,  amazing, awful,  enrapturing  sys- 
tem of  light,  holiness,  and  peace;  the  Gospel,  perpetuated  in  the  sacred 
volume,  sealed  by  the  sacraments  of  the  I^ord  Jesus,  and  proclaimed 
by  His  ambassadors  and  ministers.  ^Ve  do  not  fear,  and  we  only  wish, 
to  make  our  appeal,  with  the  Bible  in  our  hands,  to  the  conscience  of 
our  fellow-men.  All  else  we  leave  to  the  power  of  God  and  of  His 
Word."^ 

If  to-day  a  critical  mind,  familiar  with  ideas  of  development  to  which 
that  age  was  a  stranger,  may  detect  herein  a  suggestion  of  rigidity, 
nevertheless  some  principles  are  set  forth  Avhich  our  facile  and  undoc- 
trinal  temper  needs  seriously  to  take  account  of.  And  altogether  fine 
and  wholesome  is  this  passage,  which  must  be  the  limit  of  our  quota- 
tions from  this  notable  address: 

"But  a  wider  task  remains.  Our  sermons  should  be  instructive,  and 
therefore  well-prepared,  as  well  as  earnest;  our  Sunday  Schools  intelli- 
gently maintained,  with  the  best  aid  of  our  best  members;  our  catecheti- 
cal teaching  very  thorough;  our  youth  familiar  with  the  elements  of  the 
doctrine  of  Christ;  our  service  performed  with  an  impressive  propriety 
and  a  solemn  harmony;  and  our  congregations,  as  far  as  is  in  our  power, 

'  Journal  of  Convention,  1848.  p.  8.  ^  Ibid..  1849,  p.  16. 

[81  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

enriched  with  spiritual  wisdom.  Let  them  be  the  best  instructed  Chris- 
tians of  their  neighborhoods ;  sucli,  with  tJie  aids  they  possess,  they  ought 
to  be;  and  as  such,  if  such  they  be,  they  will  be  known  with  an  ever- 
widening  influence."' 

In  addition  to  his  diversified  duties  as  a  diocesan  Bishop,  and  as  the 
active  rector  of  a  parish.  Bishop  Burgess  had  important  responsibilities 
in  the  affairs  of  the  National  Church. 

As  a  member  of  the  Commission  of  five  Bishops,  to  whom  in  1853 
was  referred  the  famous  Memorial  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Muhlenberg  and 
other  presbyters,  the  Bishop  of  Maine  rendered  conspicuous  service  in 
preparing  the  way  for  such  progress  as  has  been  made  since  then  in  ritual 
flexibility  and  in  the  direction  of  Church  Unity.  This  Memorial,  point- 
ing to  such  facts  as  the  divided  state  of  Protestant  Christianity,  new  and 
subtle  forms  of  unbelief,  and  the  gross  ignorance  of  the  Gospel  among 
masses  of  the  population,  suggested  the  consideration  of  modifications 
in  the  modes  of  public  worship,  to  render  the  Chmx'h  more  '"competent 
to  the  work  of  dispensing  the  Gospel  to  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men, 
and  so  to  adequately  fulfil  the  mission  of  a  Catholic  Chui-ch  in  this  land 
and  this  age.""  We  are  to-day  so  hospitable  (as  some  think,  unduly  so) 
to  shortened  services,  ritual  variety,  and  adaptation  of  the  Prayer  Book 
to  diverse  needs,  that  it  may  seem  strange  to  us  that  serious  opposition 
arose  in  the  Church  to  such  suggestions.  The  very  moderate  action  of 
the  House  of  Bishops  regarding  this  Memorial  in  1856  — recommend- 
ing that  "the  order  of  INIoi-ning  Prayer,  the  Litany  and  the  Conmiun- 
ion  Service  being  separate  offices,  may,  as  in  former  times,  be  used  sep- 
arately under  the  advice  of  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese"'  —  was  viewed 
by  many  with  alarm.  "  In  1859  the  House  of  Deputies  claimed  that  this 
action  had  disturbed  the  minds  of  many,  both  as  to  its  effect  and  as  to 
its  constitutionality."* 

Bishop  Burgess,  in  connection  with  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter,  was  espe- 
cially responsible  for  the  resolutions  accompanying  the  Commission's 
report  and  for  the  suggested  additional  collects  (including  that  "for  the 


'  Journal  of  Convention.  1849.  p.  17. 

'  See  statement  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  in  Memoir  of  Bishop  Burgess,  p.  125. 

•  Journal  of  General  Convention.  1S66,  pp.  169, 181  (twenty-one  Bishops  voted  for  this  resolution  and  eight  against  it). 

'  T?ie  Church  in  America,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Leighton  Coleman,  p.  329. 


[   82   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAIXE 

Unity  of  God's  People"'  which  now  has  place  in  the  Prayer  Book).  In  his 
individual  statement  as  a  member  of  the  Commission,  the  liishop  took 
account,  sympathetically,  of  the  opposition  to  liturgical  changes  arising 
from  "the  preference  for  all  which  is  already  ancient,  and  connected 
with  the  dearest  associations,"  from  "the  peculiar  sense  of  stability 
which  has  become  a  glory  of  our  Church,"  from  "the  dread  of  innova- 
tions, more  and  more  serious,"  and  from  "the  dread,  greatest  of  all,  of 
changes  of  doctrine."  On  the  other  hand,  he  presented  weighty  counter- 
vailing arguments,  namely:  "the  desire  to  try  all  means  of  reaching  the 
hearts  of  men ;"  the  comprehensiveness  of  the  Church  within  the  limits 
of  "a  firm  adherence  to  the  truth;"  "reluctance  to  fasten  .  .  .  unchange- 
able perpetuity  to  that  which  is  but  human ;"  "comparisons  between  the 
usages  of  our  Church  and  those  of  other  communions  or  other  ages;" 
and,  finallv,  "the  broad  principle  that  Catholicity  must  imply  variety 
as  well  as  uniformity,  that  the  Church  of  Christ  cannot  always  be  re- 
strained within  "any  limits  which  at  any  one  period  may  have  been 
expedient  and  excellent." - 

I  have  resisted  the  temptation  to  extend  these  quotations  so  as  to  do 
full  justice  to  the  Bishop's  well-considered  attitude.  Perhaps  enough  has 
been  said  to  justify  the  terse  remark  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg  in  his  apprecia- 
tion of  Bishop  Burgess:  "He  was  constitutionally  conservative,  and  on 
principle  progressive."' 

A  very  congenial  task  to  one  with  his  poetic  taste  and  wide  acquaint- 
ance with  literature  was  the  enrichment  of  the  hymnody  of  this  branch 
of  the  Church.  He  was  chairman  of  a  joint  committee  appointed  by  the 
1859  Convention  on  this  subject,  this  committee  officially  continuing 
the  work  voluntarily  initiated,  more  than  two  years  before,  by  a  group 
with  whom  he  was  most  actively  associated,  ha\ing  been  foremost  in 
the  publication  of  an  unofficial  collection,  entitled  "  Hymns  for  Church 
and  Home."  The  result  of  his  strenuous  labor  in  this  regard — fallingfar 
short  of  what  he  had  hoped,  but  the  utmost  which  the  conservatism  of 
the  day  would  allow — was  the  "Additional  Hymns, "  sixty-five  in  num- 
ber, bound  up  after  1868  with  the  metrical  psalms  and  hymns  at  the 

'  Journal  of  General  Convention,  1856,  p.  353. 

^  See  the  whole  passage  in  Memmr  of  Bishop  Burgess,  pp.  126-128. 

^  Memoir  of  Bishop  Burgess,  p.  126- 

[   83   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

back  of  the  Prayer  Book. ^  A  member  of  the  committee.  Rev.  Dr.  Fran- 
cis Wharton,  has  written  of  "the  deep  impression  produced  on  us  all" 
by  the  spirit  of  Bishop  Burgess  at  the  final  meeting  in  August,  1865, 
when  already  disease  had  laid  its  hold  on  him : 

"Sometimes,  in  reading  or  quoting  a  hymn,  his  face  seemed  to  be  lit 
up  as  with  a  glory,  and,  on  one  occasion,  when  repeating  the  hymn  of 
Keble,  'Sun  of  my  soul.  Thou  Saviour  dear,'  his  voice  and  face  seemed 
almost  transfigured,  and  remain  on  my  mind  with  a  vividness  that  can 
never  be  effaced."" 

When  the  Civil  War  burst  upon  the  nation.  Bishop  Burgess  at  once 
took  a  firm  stand  for  the  Union.  "Our  Church,"  he  said,  "has  never  been 
accustomed  to  seek  a  neutral  ground,  when  treason  and  revolt  were  on 
one  side,  and  on  the  other  was  fidelity  to  rulers,  laws,  oaths  and  the  com- 
mon rights  of  all  human  beings.  We  must  not  say  that  our  religion  has 
no  concern  with  things  like  these."^  A  year  later  (.July  9,  1862),  when 
things  looked  dark  for  the  Union  cause,  his  Convention  Address  closed 
with  an  eloquent  passage,  setting  forth  the  duty  of  the  Church  at  such 
an  hour, — "to  bow  herself  in  the  dust," — "to  plead  importunately  with 
God," — "to  sustain  the  overburdened  hands  of  Christian  rulers," — "to 
give  her  blessing  to  those  who  .  .  .  offer  their  lives  on  the  high  places  of 
the  field;" 

"  She  has  to  trust  God,  though  He  slay.  She  has  to  ask  forgiveness 
of  her  enemies.  She  has  to  welcome,  with  thanksgiving  and  praise,  every 
sign  of  the  return  of  peace  and  concord,  of  the  liberation  and  elevation 
of  all  who  are  in  bondage,  and  of  the  accomplishment  of  all  those  glo- 
rious ends  for  which  the  Most  High  made  us  one  nation,  and  filled  that 
nation  with  the  knowledge  of  His  Gospel."* 

In  the  General  Convention  of  October,  1865,  the  last  which  Bishop 
Burgess  attended,  when  the  House  of  Bishops,  in  its  appointment  of 
a  day  of  thanksgiving  for  the  return  of  peace,  allowed  itself  to  eliminate 
from  its  resolution  the  mention,  as  a  subject  of  thanksgiving,  of  the 
reestablishment  of  "the  authority  of  the  national  government  over  all 
the  land,"  he  joined  with  seven  other  Bishops  in  a  statement  publicly 

'  Memoir  of  Bishop  Burgess,  pp.  l_'9-lo6.  Also,  Coleman's  Church  in  America,  p.  323. 

=  Ihid.,  p.  136. 

=  Convention  Address.  July,  1861.  Journal  of  Convention.  IXCI.  p.  16. 

^Jonmtil  of  Convention.  1862,  p  18. 

[   84   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAIXE 

read,  courteously  but  firmly  declining  to  accept  a  position  of  seeming 
'•inditt'erenceto  the  safety  and  unity  of  the  nation,  and  to  the  freedom 
of  the  oppressed."' 

It  is  characteristic  of  this  man,  who  would  never  take  a  vacation,  that 
in  his  last  winter,  spent  in  the  West  Indies  by  imperative  medical  ad- 
vice in  the  hope  of  a  restoration  of  his  failing  health,  he  imdertook  a 
five  weeks"  visitation  of  the  Church's  Mission  in  Hayti,  making  to  the 
Foreign  Committee  valuable  recommendations  about  this  field.  The 
pages  of  his  journal,  which  he  kept  carefully  until  within  three  days  of 
his  death,  show  the  cultivated  observer,  the  kindly  human  heart.  But 
his  all  too  short,  though  nobly  used,  earthly  days  were  drawing  to  a  close, 
and  on  April  23.  1866,  midway  in  his  fifty-seventh  year,  peacefully,  on 
the  deck  of  a  home-bound  steamer,  entered  into  rest  this  scholar-prelate, 
this  patriotic  citizen,  this  humble,  prayerful  Christian,  George  Burgess, 
first  Bishop  of  Maine. 

IV 

The  second  bishop,  Henry  Adams  Xeely,  whose  beneficent  episco- 
pate extended  over  nearly  a  third  of  the  century  behind  us,  embodied 
qualities  finely  complementary  to  those  of  his  predecessor.  Born  and 
brought  up  in  Central  New  York,  where  abundant  fertility  blessed  the 
farm-lands,  and  commerce  streamed  through  the  Erie  Canal.  Bishop 
Xeely  seemed  to  reflect  the  spacious,  sunny  characteristics  of  his  early 
environment.  Associated  with  the  great  Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  while  priest- 
in-charge  of  Trinity  Chapel,  New  York  City,  he  was  grounded  in  tlie 
traditions  of  churchmanship  representing  in  this  country  much  for 
which  the  Oxford  ^Movement  stood.  From  such  a  background  this 
Apostolic  man  came  to  Maine  in  1867.  and  the  heart  of  this  most  pi"o- 
nounced  New  England  State  warmed  to  him. 

In  making  his  home  at  Portland,  Bishop  Neely  was  not  merely  tak- 
ing as  his  see  city  the  largest  centre  of  population,  he  was  inaugurating 
a  new  policy,  in  keeping  with  the  changed  times.  In  this  Diocese  of 
small  material  resources,  it  was  necessary  for  the  Bishop  still  to  be  the 
rector  of  a  parish,  receiving  therefrom  the  major  part  of  his  support. 
The  private  income  of  the  first  Bishop  had  relieved  the  Diocese,  indeed. 

'  ilemnlr  of  Bishop  Burgess,  pp.  25fi-257. 

[   85   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

in  this  matter,  to  a  greater  degree  than  was  noAv  possible.  But  Bishop 
Neely,  while  accepting  the  necessity  of  this  situation,  and  becoming 
Rector  of  St.  Luke's,  Portland,  embarked  upon  a  policy  of  expansion. 
Setting  forth,  in  his  first  Convention  Address,  the  primitiv^e  principle  of 
a  Bishop's  Church,  as  "the  real  and  recognized  centre  of  all  the  activ- 
ities of  the  Diocese,"  he  went  on  to  say: 

"But  this,  I  need  hardly  say,  is  a  wholly  different  plan  from  that 
which  would  simply  add  to  the  other  burdens  of  the  Bishop  the  care 
of  an  ordinary  parish,  holding  him  responsible  for  all  the  details  of  pa- 
rochial work,  without  affording  him  competent  clerical  assistance,  and 
with  no  other  object  in  view  than  to  enable  him  to  secure  by  additional 
labor,  a  competent  maintenance.  The  result  must  be  in  such  a  case, 
that  neither  the  work  of  the  Diocese  nor  the  work  of  the  parish  can  be 
thoroughly  done;  and  the  overtasked  workman  must  soon  succumb 
under  the  oppressive  weight  of  such  a  load.  The  larger  and  more  im- 
portant the  parish  which  is  thus  assigned  to  him,  the  worse  his  position 
is;  and  if  his  Episcopal  charge  be  that  of  an  essentially  INIissionary  Dio- 
cese, he  may  well  despair  of  accomplishing  aught  to  his  own  satisfac- 
tion, or  of  much  value  to  the  Church.  '^ 

The  "apparent  necessity  of  assuming  alone  this  double  burden"  had 
made  him  doubtful  as  to  his  duty  in  respect  to  the  call  extended  by 
the  diocese.  But  New  York  friends  made  temporary  provision  for  an 
assistant  in  the  parish  of  St.  I^uke's,  which  after  five  years  the  parish 
assumed." 

The  project  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Luke  was  an  element  in 
this  forward-looking  policy.  This  project,  for  which  the  changes  con- 
sequent upon  the  great  Portland  fire  of  July  4,  1866,  had  prepared  the 
way,  was  well  forward  within  three  months  of  Bishop  Neely's  conse- 
cration. The  people  of  St.  Luke's  caught  the  enthusiasm  of  his  pro- 
gressive leadership.  By  an  act  of  faith  worthy  of  note,  they  voted  to 
make  the  proposed  Cathedral  Church  forever  free,  though  as  yet  hav- 
ing in  sight  hardly  one-fourth  of  the  money  needed  for  its  erection.^ 
Largeness  of  vision  characterized  the  work  in  its  inception  and  pro- 

'  Journal  of  Convention,  1867,  p.  21. 

^  Twenty  Years  (an  address  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Wells  Hayes,  at  a  Commemorative  Service,  January  23,  188"),  p.  7. 

'Ibid.,  p.  14. 

[   86   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAIXE 

gress,  beginning  witli  the  choice  of  Mr.  Charles  C.  Haight  as  architect 
(then  a  young  man  with  his  reputation  yet  to  win),  and  all  through  the 
ten  years  of  struggle  and  sacrifice,  until  the  consecration,  on  St.  Luke's 
Day,  1877,  of  the  noble  Gothic  edifice. 

But,  though  the  solicitude  of  Bishop  Xeely  for  St.  Lukes,  and  his 
affection  for  the  people  of  his  Portland  parish,  have  left  monuments, 
not  only  in  stone,  but  in  the  hearts  of  hundreds  there  intimately  bound 
to  him  and  his,  just  as  notable  was  his  missionary  zeal  for  Church  ex- 
tension throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  State. 

The  episcopate  of  Bishop  Burgess  was  by  no  means  lacking  in  mis- 
sionary progress.  The  seven  congregations  of  1847  had  grown  by  1867 
to  nineteen,  though  still  only  seven  were  self-supporting ;  the  commu- 
nicant list  from  582  to  1527.  This  was  a  good  growth. 

Now  the  era  of  expansion  was  beginning,  after  the  Civil  AVar.  And 
Bishop  \eely  made  fine  "adventures  for  God."  The  cause  of  Christian 
education  was  near  to  his  heart.  Tw^o  schools — St.  Catherine's  for 
girls  at  Augusta,  and  St.  John's  at  Presque  Isle  for  boys — were  estab- 
lished by  him.  Later,  it  is  true,  changed  conditions  and  financial  diffi- 
culties made  it  necessary  to  dispose  of  these  schools,  but  not  before  they 
had  sown  seeds  of  religious  truth  in  many  hearts,  which  bore  fruit  in 
worthy  citizenship  and  Christian  living. 

The  diocesan  branch  of  the  AVoman's  Auxiliary,  established  early 
in  his  episcopate,  was  promoted  zealously  by  the  Bishop,  and  emphat- 
ically by  the  constant  and  efficient  guidance  of  Mrs.  Xeely,  who  also 
organized  in  1882  the  diocesan  branch  of  the  Ciirls'  Friendly  Society. 

Greatly  did  the  Bishop  plan,  and  indefatigably  did  he  labor,  in  plant- 
ing the  Church  in  the  remoter  parts  of  this  State.  He  gathered  a  group 
of  Hke-minded  lieutenants,  whom  his  hopefulness  helped  to  sustain  in 
the  hard  places.  Missions  sprang  up  and  churches  were  built  in  Aroos- 
took County,  in  the  new  settlements  of  central  and  eastern  Maine,  on 
the  Moose  River  in  the  northwest.  It  is  good  to  see  the  glow  of  affec- 
tionate and  reverent  memoiy  lighten thefaces, to-day,  of  menand  women 
throughout  these  regions,  as  they  recall  the  annual  visits  of  the  Bishop, 
his  human  friendliness,  his  childlike  delight  in  stopping  an  hour  or  two 
to  fish,  his  devoted  zeal  for  the  Church,  his  untiring  energy. 

When  the  Bishop  laid  down  his  staff  in  1899,  the  nineteen  parishes 

[  87  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 

and  missions  of  1867  had  grown  to  44.  and  the  1527  communicants  to 
4187,  and  the  episcopate  fund  from  $2000  to  over  $69,000,  including  the 
Bishop's  house. 

Earnest  missionary  as  he  was  in  this  hirge  Diocese,  it  must  not  be  sup- 
posed that  Bishop  Neely's  ^•ision  was  narrowed  to  local  matters  merely. 
His  addresses  reveal  an  intimate  touch  with  the  larger  issues  before  the 
Church  ;  he  was  forward  in  expressing  sympathy  with  the  revision  of  the 
Authorized  Aversion  of  the  Scriptures;^  in  two  General  Conventions  he 
was  honored  by  his  brethren  of  the  House  of  Bishops  with  the  chairman- 
ship of  the  House  ;  his  voice  was  heard  in  two  of  the  Lambeth  Confer- 
ences ;  and  International  Arbitration,  on  which  the  Bishops  at  Lambeth 
in  1898  made  important  jjronouncements,  received  from  him  earnest 
support.' 

On  the  eve  of  All  Saints',  1899,  thirty-three  years  to  a  day  from  the 
date  of  his  election  as  Bishop,  Henry  Adams  Neely  entered  the  "  sweet 
societies  "  of  Paradise,  having  all  but  completed  threescore  years  and 
ten,  in  his  faithful  earthly  pilgrimage.  And  less  than  two  years  later, 
his  widow,  strong  and  wise  helpmeet  (albeit  frail  in  body),  linked  with 
him  inseparably  in  his  people's  affections,  followed  him  into  "the  rest 
that  remaineth  for  the  people  of  God. " 

V 

The  name  of  Robert  Codman.the  third  Bishop,  stirs  responsive  chords  in 
the  memories  of  a  gi-eat  multitude — men  and  women,  boys  and  girls — 
who  knew  him  so  well  less  than  five  short  years  ago.  More  aptly,  far, 
could  manv  of  you  touch  upon  his  personality  than  he  who  stands  be- 
fore you.  Although  we  were  contemporaries  in  the  House  of  Bishops, 
it  so  happened  that,  in  that  assembly  no  longer  small,  I  had  the  pri\i- 
lege  of  a  speaking  acquaintance  only  with  the  then  Bishop  of  IMaine. 

Yet  no  one  could  come  to  Maine, to  take  up  the  work  laid  down  when 
God  called  Robert  Codman  up  higher,  without  gaining  a  distinct  im- 
pression of  his  devotion,  his  unselfishness,  and  his  knightly  courage. 

Seeing  in  a  beloved  brother's  death  the  beckoning  of  the  divine  Hand 
to  take  that  brother's  place,  he  was  not  disobedient  to  the  heavenly  vision. 

'  See  Letter  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  Appendix  to  Juumal,  1871.  p.  39. 
=  Address  in  ],S98.  Joiinwi.  18flS.  pp.  22-24. 

[   88   ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MAIXE 

All  he  had — talents,  culture,  dreams,  possessions — he  consecrated  to  his 
Master's  service. 

The  controlling  motive  of  Bishop  Codman's  soul  was  intense  per- 
sonal devotion  to  Jesus  Christ,  the  living  Head  of  the  Church.  In  his 
first  Chai-ge  to  the  clergy,  in  1902,  on  the  subject  of  the  mission  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  State  of  JNIaine,  he  emphasized  strongly  the 
Church  idea  as  contrasted  with  the  individualistic  principle  in  religion. 
But  with  him  the  "Church  idea'"  meant  that  '•  the  Church  comes  first,  so 
to  speak,  and  personal  religion  is  its  highest  and  purest  product. "  "The 
Church  is  the  home  "  —  hewenton  to  say  —  "the  training-school,  wherein 
we  are  taught  and  trained  to  hold  personal  communion  with  God 
through  Jesus  Christ." '"Our  Puritan  ancestors,"he  said, "taught  the  ne- 
cessity of  personal  Christianity.  So  do  we.  If  there  is  danger  lest  this  per- 
sonal religion  should  die  out,  we  would  sim])ly  transplant  the  seed  into 
good  ground,  the  garden  pi-ovided  by  our  Lord  for  its  nourishment.  .  .  . 
Noble  work  has  been  done  by  noble  men,  and  we  are  reaping  their  harvest 
to-day.  Their  good  work  must  be  continued.  We  cannot  let  it  die.  A  crisis 
is  before  us,  and  the  Episcopal  Church  steps  in  with  a  new  help  and  a 
new  power,  the  influence  of  the  Church  idea, preserved  under  the  Provi- 
dence of  God  througli  the  peculiar  independence  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  transmitted  to  us  for  this  country,  to  be  used  when  this  crisis 
should  come."^ 

This  high  and  well-considered  conception  of  the  Church's  mission 
dominated  the  Bishop's  policy.  This  personal  devotion  to  Jesus  Christ, 
that  was  its  core,  glorified  his  life.  Hence  his  compilation  of  children's 
devotional  hyTnns,  his  musical  settings  for  the  Eucharist.  Hence  the 
exquisite  Emmanuel  Chapel,  with  its  fine  Altar  high  and  lifted  up,  and 
above  it  the  figure  of  the  Divine  Child,  going  forth  from  the  '\"irgin 
Mother's  fostering  care  to  conquer  the  world  by  love.  Herein — turn- 
ing to  a  very  different  field — was  the  motive  of  that  work  of  social  ser- 
vice wliich  received  so  much  of  his  thought  and  care.  For  he  saw  in  the 
children  of  men  the  image  of  God,  and  he  sought  to  make  their  bodies 
fitter  for  the  divine  indwelling,  and  their  environment  more  ample.  This 
devotion  to  Christ  and  to  the  glory  of  Christ's  holy  Church  was  the 


[   «9  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MJIXE 

ground  of  that  splendid,  watchful  care  for  the  material  equipment  of 
every  parish  and  mission.  Some  of  the  outstanding  results  we  all  have 
seen,  in  renovated  churches,  new  rectories,  more  systematic  organization 
of  ^Mission  Board  and  mission  stations. 

Apparent  to  us  all  are  the  substantial,  outstanding  fruits  of  Bishop 
Codman's  unstinted  generosity.  But  within  was  the  "blessed  unction" 
of  the  Holy  Ghost — that  "fire  of  love,"  kindled  by  grace,  ever  freshened 
by  prayer — which  made  his  lavish  offerings  pleasing  to  God.  It  was,  too, 
this  hidden  life  of  the  soul,  keeping  its  own  "inviolate  retirement,"  that 
sustained  him  in  the  fight  against  physical  pain, —  more  severe  and  con- 
stant than  any  but  his  closest  friends  could  guess. 

Bishop  Codman's  consciousness  of  Diocesan  needs  transcended  the 
term  of  his  own  labors.  He  cherished  a  vision,  and  sought  to  provide 
means  that  the  Church  in  Maine  might  better  fulfil  her  high  calling  in 
years  to  come.  Perhaps  with  a  premonition  of  a  sudden  summons,  he 
early  took  steps  not  only  to  augment  the  fund  for  episcopal  support 
(a  support  he  did  not  need,  yearly  turning  back  into  the  Diocese  his 
salary) ;  but.  moreover, to  secure  substantial  additions  to  earlier  bequests, 
constituting  "The  Burgess-Xeely  Fund."  for  discretionary  use  by  the 
Bishop  of  ^Nlaine  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  Church. 

Because  he  loved  the  Church  and  believed  in  her  God-given  mission. 
Bishop  Codman  craved  for  her  ministers  a  practical,  spiritual  training 
for  the  priesthood,  and  an  intellectual  equipment  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  twentieth  centiuy.  The  painstaking  work  he  did  as  one  of 
the  trustees  of  the  General  Theological  Seminary  was  no  mere  tinkering 
with  statutes;  it  was  definitely  directed  towai-ds  this  goal :  more  efifective 
preparation  of  the  stewards  of  God's  mysteries  for  the  needs  of  this  our 
day  and  generation. 

A  convinced  believer  in  the  divine  authority  of  the  Catholic  Church, 
the  third  Bishop  of  Maine  was  no  hard  and  narrow  Churchman.  Strong, 
matured,  clear  in  the  Faith,  and  therefore  patient  and  loving,  is  the 
attitude  revealed  in  the  Convention  Address  of  1913,  when  the  Bishop 
touched  upon  the  questions  coming  that  year  before  the  General  Con- 
vention— among  other  things  the  so-called  "change  of  name:" 

"My  advice  is  not  to  hurry  the  change  of  name.  The  change  is  bound 
to  come.  Spiritual  progress  demands  it.  But  we  can  afford  to  wait,  and 

[  90  ] 


THE  BISHOPS  OF  MJIXE 

we  must  avoid  pain,  bitterness  and  misunderstanding.  ...  It  is  indeed 
a  glorious  spirit  which  is  bringing  about  this  change,  a  spirit  far  above 
partisanship.  It  is  the  spirit  of  the  Church,  waking  up  to  a  conscious- 
ness of  what  she  is.  It  is  a  spirit  which  cannot  be  tied  up  and  bound 
about  in  any  sectarian  notions  of  the  Church.  It  is  a  spirit  which  hates 
sectarianism  and  partisanship  as  hindrances  to  progress.  The  Church 
is  declining  to  think  of  herself  as  one  of  the  many  little  sects  of  Pro- 
testantism, standing  for  certain  doctrines,  forms  and  ceremonies  of  a 
past  generation.  She  has  discovered  her  historic  heritage :  she  has  caught 
a  vision  of  her  catholic  mission ;  she  is  filled  with  zeal  to  do  her  work, 
and  is  casting  off  the  swaddling-bands  with  which  she  was  wrapped 
when  she  came  into  existence  upon  American  soil.  Let  us  argue  for 
the  change,  let  us  explain  the  glorious  spirit  behind  it  and  win  converts 
in  the  cause;  but  do  not  try  to  hurry  the  working  of  the  Holy  Spirit."' 

The  timeliness  of  such  words,  my  brethren,  is  not  diminished  but  on 
the  contrary  emphasized,  by  the  momentous  issues  involved  in  the  great 
war  even  then  impending,  from  whose  shock  the  world  trembles  still. 

In  what  we  sometimes  call  the  "new  era,"  it  is  through  the  old  Faith 
—  albeit  quickened  ever  by  the  Spirit  of  Life  — that  we  must  draw  the 
divine  sti'ength  we  need  for  our  tasks.  May  we  be  heartened  by  the 
good  examples  of  these  true  and  faithful  shepherds  whom  God  gave 
to  His  flock  in  ^Nlaine,  and  who  still  are  bound  to  us  by  a  living  bond 
in  the  Communion  of  Saints. 


^  Journal  of  Convention,  1913,  pp.  51,  52. 

[91   ] 


LETTER  FROiM  BISHOP  LAWRENCE 


Diocese  of  Mas.suchitsetf.s 

Office  of  the  Bishop 
1  Joy  Street,  Boston 
April  22,  1920 
Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Chairman, 

Committee  on  the  Centennial  Celebration,  Diocese  of  Mai)ie. 
My  dear  ]Mr.  Chairman: 

PRESSURE  of  work  in  the  Diocese  due  to  my  expected  visit  to 
the  Lambeth  Conference  will  prevent  me  from  being  with  you  at 
the  Centennial  Celebration.  I  regret  it  the  more  because  of  the  close 
relations  of  the  Bishop  of  Massachusetts  with  JNlaine  in  the  past. 

This  prompts  me  to  speak  of  Bishop  Griswold  and  the  Bishops  of 
]Maine.  The  more  I  know  of  Bishop  Griswold,  the  more  1  wonder  at  his 
industry  and  devotion,  and  the  way  in  which  he  led  like  a  good  shep- 
herd the  sheep  which  now  compose  six  Dioceses  of  New  England,  for 
Connecticut  was  never  in  his  charge.  He  was  our  opposite  neighbor  in 
Pemberton  Square  when  I  was  a  babe  in  arms,  and  I  have  heard  my 
father  speak  again  and  again  of  Bishop  Griswold's  humility,  sincerity 
and  industry.  Of  Bisliop  Burgess  I  have  no  personal  knowledge. 

Passing  from  him,  I  can  claim  as  my  friend  all  the  succeeding  Bish- 
ops of  Maine.  When  in  Deacon's  Orders  and  passing  two  or  three  weeks 
at  Bar  Harbor  in  1875,  I  read  Morning  Prayer  in  the  hotel,  and  Bishop 
Neely  preached.  Having  many  friends  there,  I  was  induced  to  preach 
on  the  following  Sunday,  but  was  so  frightened  that  I  had  the  assur- 
ance to  ask  Bishop  Xeely  to  read  the  service  for  me  while  I  preached. 
This  he  did  with  the  utmost  friendUness,  and  the  very  fact  that  I,  a 
young  Deacon,  asked  the  Bishop  to  assist  me,  suggests  what  a  friendly 
man  he  was.  No  organ  or  piano  was  necessary  to  support  the  hymn 
when  Bishop  Neely  was  present,  for  with  his  magnificent  voice  he  led 
and  carried  the  whole  congregation,  whether  it  were  a  dozen  or  several 
hundred.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  and  rugged  character,  of  cheer  and 
kindliness,  and  these  characteristics  won  for  the  Church  a  sympathetic 
opening  with  all  those  citizens  of  Maine  with  whom  he  came  in  con- 

[  92   ] 


LETTER  FROM  BISHOP  LAJTREXCE 

tact,  many  of  whom  until  they  knew  tlie  Bishop  thought  of  the  Church 
as  intimately  associated  with  the  Scarlet  AVoman. 

Bishop  Codman  was  of  stern  Puritan  ancestry,  and  something  of  the 
sternness  of  his  forbears  obtained  in  him,  especially  in  everything  that 
related  to  pui-ity  of  morals.  Soon  after  Robert  Codman  had  begun  the 
practice  of  law,  his  younger  brother  Archibald,  who  was  the  rector  of 
the  Church  at  Roslindale.  near  Boston,  died.  His  people  were  devoted 
to  him.  The  life  of  his  younger  brother  and  his  loss  to  the  ministry  so 
moved  Robert  Codman  that  he  closed  his  office,  entered  the  seminary, 
and  was  ordained,  that  he  might  take  his  brother's  place  in  the  ranks. 
His  devotion,  supported  by  his  excellent  judgment  in  business  matters, 
enabled  him  to  do  strong  work  in  St.  John's  Church,  Roxbury.  He  was  a 
devoted  pastor.  It  was  characteristic  of  him  and  of  his  common  sense 
that  as  soon  as  he  was  made  Bishop  of  Elaine,  he  made  it  his  first  duty 
to  see  that  the  missionaries  of  the  Diocese  were  comfortably  housed. 
Personality  came  first,  and  he  knew  well  that  a  missionary  could  not 
do  his  best  work  among  the  people  unless  he  was  so  housed  and  fed  as 
to  give  him  full  vigor.  Bishop  Codman,  like  Bishop  Neely,  loved  Maine, 
its  variety  of  scenery  and  life,  its  long  road  journeys  and  backwood 
experiences  and  trips  along  the  coast.  The  people  of  Maine,  Church 
people  and  all,  had  hardly  realized  how  fond  they  were  of  him  when 
his,  to  us,  untimely  death  came. 

As  Codman  was  of  the  Puritan  stock  of  the  Boston  colony,  so  Bishop 
Brewster  is  of  the  Pilgi'im  stock  of  Plymouth.  He  has  passed  tlirough 
the  sifting  process  of  Connecticut  churchmanship.  and  of  frontier  mis- 
sionary experience.  These  transitions,  combined  with  his  native  sweet 
disposition,  vigorous  personality  and  cheerful  habit,  are  making  him 
too  an  indispensable  part  not  only  of  the  Church  in  Maine  but  of  its 
civic  life. 

May  God's  best  blessings  be  with  the  Diocese. 

I  remain,  with  kind  regaixis. 

Yours  sincerely, 

Wm.  Lawrknck 


[93   ] 


LETTER  FROM  BISHOP  CHAUNCEY  B.  BREWSTER 


The  Bishop's  Hoiise,  98  Woodland  Street 
Hartford,  Connecticut 
May  21,  W'20 

The  Right  Reverend  Dr.  Benjamin  Brewstek, 

Bishop  of  Maine,  Portland,  Maine. 
]My  DEAii  Bishop:  At  the  Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  Connecticut, 
held  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Norwalk,  on  JMay  18th  and  19th,  the  Bishop 
in  his  Address  called  attention  to  the  approaching  Anniversary  of  the 
Diocese  of  INIaine.  On  the  following  day  there  was  moved  and  unani- 
mously adojjted  a  Resolution  instructing  the  Bishop  to  convey  to  the 
Diocese  of  ]\laine  the  greetings  of  the  Diocese  of  Connecticut. 

The  first,  the  second,  and  the  present  Bishop  of  Maine  have  been  by 
earlier  associations  connected  with  the  Diocese  of  Connecticut.  AVe  are 
glad  to  claim  a  share  in  them  and  thankful  to  claim  fellowship  with  the 
Diocese  of  ^Nlaine. 

On  behalf  of  the  clergy  and  people  of  Connecticut,  I  send  to  you,  and 
ask  you  to  convey  to  the  clergy  and  people  of  the  Diocese  of  JNIaine,  our 
hearty  congratulations  upon  the  completion  of  a  century  of  Diocesan 
existence  and  the  assurance  of  our  earnest  desire  and  prayer  for  God's 
abundant  blessing  upon  your  Diocese  in  the  years  and  centuries  to  come. 
I  am 

Faithfully  yours  in  Christ, 

Chauncey  B.  Brewster, 

Bishop  (f  Connecticut 


[  94  ] 


Tlie  Rev.  Cliiir/c.s  Lciris  Slalti-n/,  D.l). 

Rector  of  Gnire  Church,  New  York  C'iti/ ;  Speriul  Preacher  at  the  Centenary 

His  father,  the  Rev.  George  Slattery,  was  the  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Saco,  from  1849  to  185S,  and 

the  Rector  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Rockland,  from  1S5S  to  1860\ 


THE  ANNIVERSARY  SERMON 

HY  CHAKI.ES  LEWIS  SLATTEKY,  D.D. 

Itictur  of  GnicK  Church  in  XeiB  Turk 

I  ttvV/  mention  the  lovingkindncsses  of  the  Lord.  Isaiah  liii,  7 

WE  give  thanks  to-day  for  a  century  of  honourable  history  in 
the  Diocese  of  Maine.  In  1820  there  were  two  parishes  of 
our  Coninuuiion  within  the  boundaries  of  the  State, — 
Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  and  St.  Paul's  Church  in  Portland.  These  his- 
toric parishes  were  in  turn  the  survivals  of  various  missionary  labours 
along  the  coast,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers. 

I 

Long  before  the  Pilgrims  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock,  Church  of  Eng- 
land services  had  been  held  in  ]Maine.  In  160.5  George  \\^eymouth  sailed 
up  the  Kennebec ;  upon  landing,  the  ship's  company,  with  two  bewil- 
dered Indians, joined  in  the  English  service.  This  is  the  first  recorded  act 
of  Christian  worship  in  English  in  New  England.  In  1607  George  Pop- 
ham  came  to  found  a  colony  on  the  Kennebec,  building  among  the  fifty 
houses  a  church  wherein  a  Reverend  Mr.  Seymour  read  from  the  Prayer 
Book  and  preached.  But  the  harsh  winter,  a  disastrous  fire,  and  the  death 
of  Popham  discouraged  the  settlers ;  and  in  1608  they  returned  to  Eng- 
land. 

In  1636  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  brought  settlers  to  the  banks  of  the 
Saco;  and  here  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England  were  again  begun, 
under  the  leadership  of  the  Reverend  Richard  Gibson.  Gibson  had  an 
ecclesiastical  controversy  with  a  Puritan  minister  at  Dover,  who  said 
that  Gibson  was  "addicted  to  the  hierarchy."  This  leader  was  succeeded 
by  the  Reverend  Robert  Jordan,  who  officiated  in  Scarborough,  Port- 
land, and  Saco.  Puritan  Massachusetts  was  now  thoroughly  worried  lest 
Jordan's  influence  keep  some  of  the  northern  settlers  stedfast  in  the 
Anglican  tradition ;  and  the  strange  devices  which  demanded  freedom 
but  denied  it  to  others  began  to  play.  Jordan  spent  a  good  deal  of  time 
going  to  Boston  to  answer  the  charges  of  the  General  Court  concerning 
Church  usage,  but  some  way,  returning  to  his  home  at  Cape  Eizabeth, 
he  shepherded  the  sheep  in  the  wilderness,  and  also  found  leisure  to  point 

[97] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MM.VE 

out  the  heresy  of  the  Puritan  minister  at  Scarborough.  For  many  years 
he  was  probably  the  only  clergyman  in  Portland.  ^Vith  natural  leader- 
ship and  a  rich  wife  he  was  a  sort  of  English  squire.  His  trials  were 
many,  but  when  he  died,  he  left  the  mark  of  a  strong  personality  upon 
the  life  around  Casco  Bay. 

For  eighty  years,  during  which  the  Indians  destroyed  Portland,  ttie 
ministrations  of  the  Church  of  England  ceased  in  Maine.  But  the  numer- 
ous descendants  of  Robert  Jordan  and  many  others  had  the  tradition  in 
their  blood ;  and  when  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
sent  the  Reverend  William  jNIcClenachan  to  Dresden  and  Georgetown, 
and  later  the  Reverend  Jacob  Bailey,  there  was  a  welcome  from  sub- 
conscious Anglicanism.  INIcClenachan  vanished  shortly,  but  Bailey  be- 
came the  notable  "frontier  missionary,"  the  story  of  whose  life  in  a  thin 
black  volume  was  in  many  clergymen's  libraries  sixty  years  ago.  Bailey 
was  a  Harvard  graduate  who  went  to  England  to  be  ordained.  His  suc- 
cess was  due  in  part,  at  least,  to  the  fact  that  he  had  been  educated  in 
New  England,  and  so  knew  the  needs  of  the  people.  Among  the  com- 
munities in  which  he  preached  was  Gardiner.  Here  on  August  13, 1772, 
he  dedicated  the  Church  of  St.  Ann's,  in  the  presence  of  eighty  people, 
including  doubtless  Dr.  Gardiner  and  his  son  William.  The  loyalists 
during  the  Revolution,  together  with  a  fire  in  1793,  brought  St.  Ann's 
to  the  brink  of  ruin;  but  a  courageous  people,  under  the  leadership  of 
the  Gardiners,  built  in  the  next  year  a  new  St.  Ann's;  and  a  new  rector 
came  to  minister  in  it.  In  1817  the  Reverend  Gideon  W.  Olney  was 
rector,  and  under  the  vigorous  support  of  the  then  Robert  Hallowell 
Gardiner  he  built  the  present  stone  church,  whose  name  was  changed 
from  St.  Ann's  to  Christ,  and  was  consecrated  by  Bishop  Griswold  on 
St.  Luke's  Day,  1820, — the  year  in  which  the  Diocese  of  INIaine  began 
its  formal  history.  We  therefore  worship  to-day  in  a  sanctuary  which  is 
slightly  older  than  the  Diocese  itself. 

Meantime,  the  other  historic  parish  of  Maine  was  coming  into  life.  By 
1763  the  settlement  at  what  we  now  call  Portland  had  so  grown  that 
a  second  church  was  thought  necessary,  and  this  congi-egation,  being 
formed,  elected  that  the  services  conducted  in  the  building  to  which 
they  had  subscribed  be  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England.  A  year 
later,  John  Wiswall,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  and  a  Congregational  min- 

[  98   ] 


THE  ANNIVERSARY  SERMON 

ister,  decided  to  be  ord;iined  in  England  and  was  thereupon  elected  rector 
of  the  new  parish.  He  sailed  forthwith  to  England,  was  ordained  in  the 
English  Church,  and  on  May  7,  1765,  was  again  in  Portland,  beginning 
his  ten  years'  rectorship  of  the  parish,  which  now  received  the  name  of 
St.  Paul's.  During  the  Revolution,  St.  Paul's  fell  on  hard  times,  for  Mr. 
^Viswall,  being  a  Tory,  sailed  away,  and  the  English,  taking  Portland, 
burned  his  church.  In  1783  the  scattered  parishioners  who  remained 
loyal  both  to  the  Revolution  and  to  the  Prayer  Book  came  together  to 
rebuild  the  church.  From  this  time,  in  successive  buildings,  the  life  of  the 
parish  has  gone  on  continuously,  though  later  the  name  of  the  church 
was  changed  to  St.  Stephen's. 

II 
Thus  we  reach  the  year  1820,  when  Bishop  Griswold  called  upon  the 
two  parishes  to  organize  the  Diocese  of  JMaine.  On  May  3, 1820,  the 
rectors  of  the  parishes  in  Gardiner  and  Portland  with  thirteen  of  their 
laymen  met  in  Brunswick.  Already  the  seat  of  Bowdoin  College,  Bruns- 
wick had  an  honourable  history.  To  the  south  was  the  ancient  settle- 
inent  of  Harpswell,  and  as  one  wanders  among  the  graves  of  the  old 
churchyard,  now  far  south  of  the  present  town,  and  as  one  feels  the  mist 
from  the  sea  sweep  up  over  the  sandy  plains,  one  knows  the  pathos  and 
the  courage  of  the  people  who  had  transcended  the  winter  cold,  and  who 
had  fed  upon  the  beauty  of  a  rock-bound  coast  and  noble  rivers, — such 
as  the  Androscoggin,  which  at  Brunswick  goes  foaming  over  high  falls 
and  then  placidly  makes  its  final  journey  to  the  sea.  The  next  year 
Hawthorne  and  Longfellow  were  to  become  students  at  Bowdoin.  No 
more  significant  spot  could  have  been  chosen  for  the  birthplace  of  a 
Diocese,  a  town  already  rich  in  memories,  gathering  to  itself  intelli- 
gence and  even  genius  in  its  little  college  which  through  its  teachers 
and  sons  was  to  be  distinguished  in  the  life  of  the  whole  nation.  Here 
Mrs.  Stowe,  the  wife  of  a  Professor  in  Bowdoin,  was  to  write  Uncle 
Toins  Cabin. 

The  Reverend  Mr,  Ten  Broeck,  the  Rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Portland, 
and  Mr.  Robert  H.  Gardiner  were  elected  deputies  to  the  General  Con- 
vention ;  and  at  a  special  convention  in  September  the  Reverend  Mr. 
Olney,  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  was  sent  to  the  Convention  of  the 

[  99   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

Eastern  Diocese  in  Newport,  to  ask  and  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the 
Eastern  Diocese  (of  which  Alexander  ^'iets  Griswold  was  the  Bishop) 
to  take  the  Diocese  of  JNIaine  under  its  protection. 

In  1823  the  Protestant  Episcopal  INIissionary  Society  of  JNIaine  was 
founded.  Evidently  it  did  excellent  work  at  once;  for  when  Bishop  Gris- 
wold visited  Maine  for  the  last  time,  at  the  Diocesan  Convention  of 
1842  in  Augusta,  the  two  parishes  of  1820  with  their  one  hundred  com- 
municants had  grown  to  six  with  four  hundred  conuuunicants.  The 
new  parishes  were  St.  JNIark's,  Augusta;  St.  John's,  Bangor;  Trinitv. 
Saco;  and  St.  JNIark's,  Williamsburgh.  JNIeantime,  Emmanuel  Church, 
^Vestbrook,  had  been  started  and  had  lapsed. 

AVhen  Bishop  Griswold  died  in  184.3,  the  Eastern  Diocese  was  dis- 
solved, and  the  Diocese  of  JNIaine  put  itself  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
Dr.  Henshaw,  who  had  just  been  elected  Bishop  of  Rhode  Island.  In 
1844  St.  Paul's  Church,  Brunswick,  was  founded;  and  in  1847  St. 
James's,  JNlilford;  besides  these,  missions  had  been  established  at  Wis- 
casset,  Bath,  Hallowell,  Oldtown,  Calais,  and  Eastport. 

At  length  tliere  came  a  great  day  for  the  struggling  Diocese,  October 
4, 1847,  when  at  St.  Stephen's  in  Portland  a  special  convention  elected 
Dr.  George  Burgess  to  be  the  first  Bishop  of  JNIaine.  Before  the  month 
was  over  he  had  been  consecrated,  and  for  nearly  nineteen  years  he  gave 
himself  to  building  up  the  Diocese.  He  died  before  I  was  born,  but  I 
feel  as  if  I  had  known  him,  for  I  cannot  remember  when  I  did  not  hear 
his  name  spoken  with  enthusiastic  reverence.  JNIy  father  was  a  student 
in  Trinity  College  when  Dr.  Burgess  was  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Hart- 
ford. Two  years  after  Dr.  Burgess  became  Bishop,  my  father  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  General  Seminary,  and  followed  the  young  bishop  into 
his  new  field.  At  first  in  charge  of  Trinity  Church,  Saco,  he  then  went 
farther  east,  and  founded  St.  Peter's  in  Rockland  and  St.  Thomas's  in 
Camden.  As  I  was  prejiaring  this  record  I  untied  a  bundle  of  old  letters 
which  Bishop  Bui'gess  wrote  in  those  days.  One  discovers  in  reading 
them  the  power  of  the  fellowship  of  the  Bishop,  surrounding  himself 
with  a  band  of  eager  self-sacrificing  young  men.  The  Bishop,  being  the 
Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  as  well  as  the  Diocesan,  was  con- 
stantly exchanging  with  his  brethren.  Nor  was  he  leading  them  only 
with  his  profound  spiritual  self-forgetfulness,  for  to  richness  of  charac- 

[   100  ] 


THE  AXXIFERSARY  SERMOX 

ter  he  added  real  learning  and  cultivation.  A  graduate  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, he  had  studied  for  two  years  in  Germany,  recei\'ing  not  the  hard 
technicalities  of  later  German  scholarship,  but  that  i"are  flavour  which 
Longfellow  found,  at  the  same  time,  in  similar  JFanderJahre  and  re- 
corded in  his  youthful  and  over-romantic  Hyperion.  The  Bishop  was, 
among  other  things,  a  poet,  and  even  to-day,  one  knows  by  his  portraits 
and  letters  and  verses,  what  keenness,  graciousness.  and  charm  lay  be- 
hind the  smiling  and  attractive  face.  As  a  New  England  man,  he  knew 
what  was  in  New  England;  and,  though  the  Puritan  distrust  of  the 
Prayer  Book  and  of  bishops  still  persisted,  he  won  all  who  knew  him, 
and  was  much  more  than  the  leader  of  one  Communion.  He  loved  the 
people  of  Maine,  and  they  all  loved  him,  and  were  proud  of  him. 

The  ten  clergymen  became  seventeen,  the  seven  parishes  became 
nineteen,  and  the  560  communicants  became  1598,  during  the  nineteen 
years  of  Bishop  Burgess's  guidance.  But  no  numbers  can  tell  what  such 
a  man  gives  to  a  State.  It  was  the  kind  of  clergy  whom  he  drew  to 
Maine  that,  with  his  own  life,  made  the  Episcopal  Church  an  imper- 
ishable gift  to  the  people,  whether  they  went  to  church  or  meeting- 
house. I  can  remember  as  a  boy,  when  I  spent  my  summers  in  Maine 
and  sometimes  longer  periods,  how  people  would  speak  of  Dr.  Edward 
Ballard  in  Brunswick.  Eyes  would  fill  with  tears,  there  would  be  the 
glance  of  grateful  memory,  and  then  the  testimony,  "I  did  n't  go  to  his 
church,  but  he  is  still,  after  all  the  years,  my  ideal  of  a  gentleman."  Dr. 
James  Pratt,  a  famous  fisherman,  a  wit,  and  a  most  tender  friend,  is 
part  of  the  notable  inheritance  whicli  makes  Portland  what  it  is  to-day. 
So  I  might  go  on  to  speak  of  Dr.  .John  Cotton  Smith,  later  to  acliieve 
fame  in  New  York;  of  the  Bishop's  brother,  Alexander;  of  William 
Armitage,  later  to  do  heroic  service  in  the  west;  of  Horatio  South- 
gate,  a  missionary  bishop  ;  and  of  John  Franklin  Spalding,  who  found 
his  way  into  our  Communion  while  studying  at  Bowdoin  and  was  put 
in  the  care  of  one  of  tlie  clergy  hy  the  wise  Bishop  and  so  found  his 
vocation  in  the  ministry.  These  men  and  others  like  them  were  mem- 
bers of  a  happy  family  to  whom  Bishop  Biu-gess  gave  the  fullness  of 
his  affectionate  care  and  the  companionship  of  his  exceptional  person- 
ality. 

[   101   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MALYE 

III 
Henry  Adams  Neely  was  the  second  Bishop  of  jNIaine,  beginning  his 
work  in  1867.  He  had  been  an  assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church,  New 
York,  in  charge  of  the  prosperous  congregation  at  Trinity  Chapel, 
whicli  hiter  helped  him  in  his  work  in  Maine.  He  established  St.  Luke's 
Cathedral  in  Portland.  He  founded  a  school  for  boys  in  Presque  Isle, 
and  a  school  for  girls  in  Augusta.  He  developed  missionaiy  work  in 
Aroostook  County.  The  thirty-two  years  of  his  episcopate  were  years 
when  many  people  of  Maine  were  going  away  to  Boston,  New  York, 
and  the  west.  The  strength  of  many  a  parish  throughout  the  land  is  due 
to  the  religious  training  which  came  from  the  Church  in  Maine;  though 
the  Diocese  in  these  years  made  substantial  progress,  especially  in  the 
Aroostook,  yet  any  statistics  would  only  partially  reveal  what  had  been 
done.  I  remember  Bishop  Neely  very  well,  for  he  confirmed  me;  I  often 
heard  him  preach.  ^Vith  the  strange  recollection  of  a  boy  I  seem  to 
remember  that  his  text  was  always  from  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  generally 
from  Colossians.  He  had  a  pleasant  voice  in  singing,  and  was  kind  in 
giving  people  delight  by  his  songs  when  he  came  to  parish  parties.  I 
have  heard  that  he  was  a  remarkable  huntsman.  So  the  human  element 
brought  him  into  contact  with  his  neighbours. 

On  Bishop  Neely's  death  in  1899  the  Reverend  Robert  Codman  was 
elected  Bishop  of  Maine,  and  gave  his  whole  strength  to  the  task  until 
his  death  in  191.5.  He  seemed  at  first  not  quite  to  understand  the  people 
and  his  training  as  a  lawyer  made  his  forensic  sermons  a  little  unsym- 
pathetic, but  the  firmly  knit  reasoning  of  these  sermons  told  them  at 
length  how  much  he  cared  for  those  to  whom  he  preached.  ]\Ioreover, 
the  amiable  townsfolk  who  came  to  church  on  his  visitations  were  per- 
plexed because  he  seemed  to  them  to  be  always  preaching  on  the  Church 
and  not  on  what  they  called  the  Gospel.  But  Maine  needed  to  know 
the  organic  power  of  Christianity;  and  his  affectionate  solicitude  for  the 
welfare  of  their  rectors,  together  with  his  unflinching  service  to  all  the 
people  so  far  as  he  could  reach  them,  made  them  understand  what  he 
was.  He  was  entering  into  the  possession  of  the  heart  of  Maine  when 
death  overtook  him. 

In  1910  Bishop  Benjamin  Brewster,  of  Western  Colorado,  was  elected 

[   102  ] 


THE  AX.XIVERSARY  SERMOX 

to  fill  Bishop  Codman's  place.  Knowing  Bishop  Brewster  when  he  was 
a  Colorado  rector,  and.  later,  his  work  in  Utah  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, I  appreciated  how  lovingly  he  would  give  himself  to  the  far  reaches 
of  this  great  State.  And  because  he  was  born  and  bred  in  Connecticut, 
I  knew  how  thoroughly  he  would  understand  the  excellent  New  Eng- 
land character  which  ]Maine  always  keeps  warm  under  the  frost  of  the 
northern  winters.  So  I  was  glad  for  you  and  glad  for  him  when  he  came 
to  spend  the  rest  of  his  strong  life  for  Maine.  I  am  sure  that  you  will 
rejoice  in  the  relationship,  more  and  more,  through  the  years. 


The  historian  Green  believed  that  English  history  had  been  written  too 
exclusively  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  kings,  so  he  attempted  a  his- 
tory of  the  English  people.  It  is  well  that  we  remember  that  the  history 
of  a  diocese  is  only  partly  told  in  the  records  of  its  bishops.  I  should  like, 
therefore,  to  speak  of  certain  presbyters  and  laymen  (in  addition  to  those 
already  mentioned)  who  have  made  the  Diocese  of  Maine  significant. 

For  fifty-five  years  Dr.  Asa  Dalton  was  a  rector  in  Maine ;  first,  of 
St.  John's,  Bangor,  and  then  of  St.  Stephen's,  Portland.  A  diary  of 
one  of  his  parishioners  in  Bangor  was  put  into  my  hands  a  few  weeks 
ago,  and  there  I  read  of  the  loyalty  for  all  high  purposes  which  his  ser- 
mons and  lectures  kindled  in  the  community.  His  long  rectorship  in 
Portland  was  also  part  of  the  history  of  the  city,  especially  because  of 
certain  lectures  which  he  was  wont  to  deliver  each  winter,  and  which 
attracted  many  people  outside  his  parochial  responsibility.  He  was  a 
staunch  defender  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation,  and  waged  his 
controversy  with  a  cheerful  heart.  He  always  lamented  that  the  Cathe- 
dral was  built  within  a  block  of  St.  Stephen's:  for  the  two  parishes 
could  have  served  more  people  if  they  had  been  separated  by  a  longer 
distance.  Of  course  he  was  right.  Those  who  knew  him  only  in  later 
years,  when  old  age  was  upon  him,  can  scarcely  appreciate  how  large 
a  part  he  played  in  the  life  of  the  city.  It  was  not  only  his  gifts  as  a 
preacher  and  lecturer,  it  was  even  more  his  fiiithfulness  in  seeking  out 
the  sick  and  the  forlorn  wherever  they  might  be,  which  drew  him  into 
the  affection  of  Portland. 

[   103   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

Another  Rector  of  Bangor,  the  Reverend  Edward  Henry  Newbegin, 
must  be  gratefully  remembered  by  all  who  knew  him.  His  parents  had 
migrated  from  JNIaine  in  their  early  life,  and  he  was  born  in  Ohio.  But  his 
father  s  college  was  Bowdoin,  and  to  Bowdoin  the  son  was  sent.  Dur- 
ing his  college  years  in  Brunswick,  though  a  Congregationalist,  he  was 
wont  to  go  often  to  St.  Paul's  Church.  Thus,  through  familiarity  with 
the  Prayer  Book,  and  through  certain  friendships,  he  determined  not 
only  upon  his  ecclesiastical  allegiance,  \)\\t  also  upon  his  vocation.  Per- 
haps some  of  his  forbears  in  JNIaine  had  been  taught  by  Jordan  or  Bailey, 
so  that  an  inherited  loyalty  may  have  asserted  itself.  In  any  case,  he 
became  at  last  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Bangor.  There  his  quick  wit,  his 
good  judgment,  his  faithful  ability,  and  his  loviiigkindness  brought 
their  due  reward;  and  when  all  seemed  before  him,  he  died.  He,  too.  is 
part  of  Maine  for  ever. 

One  other  rectorship  may  be  mentioned  as  typical.  Perhaps  the  most 
important  parish  in  Maine  is  St.  Paul's,  Brunswick.  For  several  years 
the  Reverend  Harry  Peirce  Nichols  was  rector  of  it.  His  interest  in  young 
men,  his  ingenious  ways  of  showing  that  interest,  his  direct  preaching, 
and  his  Bible  class  made  St.  Paul's  in  his  day  a  unique  help  both  to  the 
college  and  to  the  Church.  Other  rectors  of  St.  Paul's,  I  know,  have  done 
a  full  share  in  maintaining  its  traditions;  but  of  this  particular  rector- 
ship I  happen  to  know  at  first  hand,  and  I  must  bear  my  testimony. 

I  remember  the  widow  and  the  daughter  of  a  clergyman  in  JNIaine 
whose  home  through  many  years  was  the  inspii-ation  of  a  parish.  Thither 
the  youth,  home  from  college,  inevitably  turned  for  a  knowledge  only 
less  exact  than  that  of  his  teachers,  and  for  a  breadth  of  vivid  interest 
in  life  and  letters  far  beyond  any  technical  achievement.  The  Russian 
pedlar  found  there  some  one  who  could  speak  to  him  in  his  own  tongue ; 
and  the  new  books  of  several  languages  were  ahvays  on  the  table.  ^A^^ile 
the  daughter  would  compare  notes  on  books  and  ftir-away  places  with 
the  young  enthusiast,  the  mother,  in  the  beauty  and  dignity  of  old  age, 
would  send  her  wit  in  and  out  of  the  practical  subjects  of  immediate 
concern  to  most  of  the  people  of  the  parish.  This  home,  by  fer  the  most 
delightful  in  many  miles,  declared  what  Christian  nurture  could  do,  and 
by  its  piety  and  love  was  a  winning  missionaiy  for  the  Church. 

During  recent  decades  more  and  more  people  have  found  in  INIaine 

[   104  ] 


THE  AXXU'ERSARY  SERMOX 

a  summer  home.  So  there  have  come  to  be  summer  chapels  up  and  down 
the  coast.  Sometimes  these  summer  colonies  have  maintained  parishes 
which  minister  to  congregations  throughout  the  year.  (Tcnerous  offer- 
ings are  made  in  these  holiday  churches  for  the  missionary  work  of  the 
Diocese.  But,  even  more,  the  gift  of  devoted  lives  is  added  to  the  long 
list  of  those  who  have  found  shelter  in  the  Church  in  Maine.  Not  to  speak 
of  the  living,  who  can  think  of  St.  Mary's-by-the-Sea  at  North  East 
Harbour  without  recalling  gratefully  Bishop  Doane,  Dr.  Huntington, 
Dr.  Cornelius  Smith,  and  Bishop  Greer?  Through  happy  summers  their 
I'ich  characters  have  been  woven  into  the  diocesan  history.  These  names 
are  suggestive  of  the  fine  types  of  clergy  and  laity  worshipping  at  St. 
Saviour's,  Bar  Harbour;  at  St.  Jude's,  Seal  Harbour; at  St.  Mary's,  Fal- 
mouth Foreside ;  at  Trinity,  York  Harbour ;  at  St.  James's,  Front's  Neck ; 
at  Christ  C'nurch,  Islesborough ;  and  many  other  places.  Some  of  these 
summer  churchmen  are  descendants  of  old  Colonial  stock  living  within 
the  borders  of  what  now  is  Maine;  some  are  of  the  numerous  exodus 
two  or  three  generations  ago.  In  them  the  Church  in  Maine  is  claiming 
once  more  the  fruits  of  its  inheritance. 

I  should  like  to  speak  of  Dr.  Daniel  Goodwin,  once  a  teacher  at  Bow- 
doin,  later  a  Pi'ofessor  in  the  Philadelphia  Divinity  School ;  of  Bishop 
Clark,  who  spent  a  small  pait  of  his  brilliant  life  in  Portland:  of  all  the 
Gardiners  past  and  present  (especially  the  pi'esent);  of  Henry  Ingalls; 
of  James  Bridge ;  of  George  E.  B.  Jackson  ;  of  the  Merrills  ;  of  Chief 
Justice  Fuller;  of  Dr.  Kenneth  Sills,  now  President  of  Bowdoin;  of 
faithful  missionaries  and  rectors  like  William  ^Vashburn,  the  hero  of  the 
Aroostook:  George  Packard,  the  gentle  friend  :  Leverett  Bradley,  the 
brilliant  preacher :  Frederick  Rowse,  musician  and  wit ;  Charles  Ogden, 
faithful  and  true;  Henry  Jones,  all  kindness  to  those  who  came  to  beau- 
tiful Camden,  and  a  host  of  others.  The  best  is  never  told  in  any  human 
document,  because  only  God  knows  the  really  great  deeds  of  life,  and 
only  He  can  give  the  jiraise. 

This  Diocese,  which  noAv  rounds  out  its  first  century,  is  a  personality, 
with  sori'ow  conquered,  with  honest  achievement,  with  strong  belief  in 
its  destiny,  with  faith  in  Gods  perpetual  guidance.  To  God  we  give 
thanks  for  the  past,  and  to  Him  we  pray  for  love  and  wisdom,  that  those 
who  serve  the  Church  in  ^Nlaine  shall  in  turn  make  the  Diocese  a  true 
servant  to  all  the  people.  ["   io5  1 


IN  MEMORIAM  PATRUM:  1820-1920 
By  Charles  F.  Lee 

Adcncu  the  .sloidy  rising  ivay 

liif  ivltich  TtY"  came  our  ei/c.S'  rve  cast 

A)id  from  the  hilltop  of  To-Day 
Salute  the  ever-liimg  Past, — 

Living  in  man,  and  beast,  and  clod. 

In  the  Ete?-7ial  N'ow  of  God. 

Speak  not  of  them  as  "dead  and  gone," 
The  fathers  (f  the  former  days, 

JVho,  though  in  Paradise,  live  on 

Jf^th  us  in  ivorks  that  sing  their  praise, — 

Worhs  that  the  common  xveal  advance. 

And  are  our  best  inheritance. 

Their  silent  voices  f  II  the  air 

Jf'lth  zvords  (f  counsel  and  of  cheer. 

As  'mid  the  scenes  they  loved  tee  fare. 
Alas  for  him  so  g?~oss  of  ear 

He  hears  them  not,  whom  naught  delights 

Put  jmssing  Babel  sounds  and  sights/ 

Revere  the  Past,  since  child  thou  art 
Of  all  the  ages  from  the  prime. 

So  shall  thou  play  a  nobler  paii 

Upo)i  the  broadening  stage  of  Time, 

And  thus  to  grateful  children  leave 

More  than  the  much  thou  didst  receive. 

Recharged  with  faith,  in  purpose  strong. 
Through  calm  communion  rvith  the  Past, 

On  now  the  upward  tvay  along. 

Till,  from  some  favoring  height,  at  last 

Jf^c  see  afar,  'neath  radiant  skies. 

The  City  of  our  God  arise! 

[   106  ] 


ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME 

BY  ROUEUT  HAIXOWELL  GARDINEU 

IT  gives  me  very  great  pleasure  to  welcome  you  here  to-day.  Though 
for  many  years  a  wanderer,  and  still  unable  to  spend  all  my  days 
here,  yet  among  you  and  your  fathers,  I  first  came  to  the  conscious- 
ness of  my  personality,  vague  and  incomplete  as  that  consciousness  was. 
In  the  little  red  schoolhouse  on  the  corner  of  Kingsbury  and  Dresden 
streets,  I  found  I  had  the  possibility  of  a  mind,  and  in  the  beauty  of 
fields  and  trees  and  river  and  sky  there  dawned  upon  me  the  glimmer- 
ing of  the  perfect  beauty  my  later  years  have  found,  while  the  dignitv 
and  saintliness  of  our  first  great  Bishop  Burgess  stirred  my  soul.  The 
deep  and  sacred  associations  which  have  centred  in  this  city  and  its 
venerable  Church  for  four  generations  before  me  were  the  inspiration 
of  my  early  youth,  preparing  me  for  the  ennobling  influence  God  voucli- 
safed  to  send  me  in  my  later  years.  So  with  a  full  heart  I  thank  you  for 
your  kindness  in  coming  here  to-day  to  join  in  our  review  of  the  past, 
in  our  hopes  of  a  yet  more  useful  future  for  Diocese  and  Parish,  and 
to  witness  the  renewal  of  our  pledges  of  more  complete  devotion  to  the 
Master's  cause. 

Parish  and  Diocese  seem  but  small  matters  in  comparison  with  the 
life  of  the  nation  and  the  world.  Yet,  in  a  way,  they  have  shared  and 
reflected  that  life.  A  hundred  years  ago,  the  fundamental  principle  in 
Church  and  State  in  America,  as  in  all  the  world,  was  individualism. 
For  though,  in  its  Book  of  Common  I'rayer  and,  above  all,  in  its  form 
of  administering  the  two  great  corporate  Sacraments  of  Baptism  into 
the  Church  and  of  the  Communion  in  the  Life  of  its  Head,  the  Church 
retained  at  least  the  germ  of  the  Catholic  and  Apostolic  conception  of 
the  Church  as  the  Body  of  Christ,  and  so  the  means  of  uniting  all  men 
everywhere  in  one  great  brotherhood,  yet  it  considered  itself,  in  this 
country  at  any  rate,  as  all  the  Churches  did,  practically  only  as  a  sect 
among  sects,  an  agency  by  which  individuals  of  similar  tastes  and  sym- 
pathies might  be  helped  to  achieve  an  individual  and  selfish  salvation.  It 
had  no  vision  of  its  function  to  proclaim  the  Gospel  of  Love,  the  funda- 
mental law  of  Christ's  corporate  and  visible  kingdom  of  peace  and  right- 
eousness and  love  among  nations  and  classes  and  indi\'iduals.  There  was 

[  107] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  JMAIXE 

then  little  thought  of  the  problems,  social,  industrial  and  international, 
which  the  world  is  now  attempting  to  solve, — a  vain  and  hopeless  at- 
tempt, for  it  leaves  out  of  consideration  Christ's  New  Commandment 
of  Love,  the  only  hope  for  the  permanent  establishment  of  a  satisfactory 
world  order.  The  United  States,  finding  its  safety  and  hope  and  pride 
in  its  isolation,  thought  it  could  remain  apart  from  the  rest  of  the  world, 
developing  for  itself  its  seemingly  inexhaustible  natural  resources, 
indifferent  to  the  social  and  political  discontent  still  smouldering  in 
Europe,  though  the  Congress  of  Vienna  thought  it  had  stamped  it  out 
forever.  Neither  the  United  States  nor  Europe  then  realized,  nor  was  it 
realized  in  the  recent  Treaty  of  Versailles,  that  mere  force  can  never 
establish  a  stable  equilibrium  between  the  greedy  and  selfish  ambitions 
of  the  nations. 

It  is  true  that,  a  himdred  years  ago,  this  country  boasted  itself  to  be 
the  exponent  of  democracy,  but  it  had  no  conception  of  the  deep  and 
permanent  meaning  of  the  word,  nor  had  the  Church,  impotent  by  rea- 
son of  its  divisions,  any  consciousness  of  its  responsibility  for  the  mes- 
sage of  the  only  basis  on  which  a  democracy,  fit  to  live,  can  endure.  The 
word  stood  then  for  unrestrained  individualism,  untrammelled  compe- 
tition, the  possibility  for  any  boy  to  outstrip  his  fellows  in  place  antl 
power  and  wealth,  to  become  President  or  to  amass  a  great  fortune. 
There  was  much  talk  of  freedom,  but  as  yet  little  profound  recognition 
of  the  perfect  freedom  which  is  to  be  found  only  in  sharing  with  Christ, 
indwelling  in  His  Church,  the  service  of  the  community,  the  nation, 
the  world.  There  was  little  practical  vision  then  of  the  eternal  truth 
that  the  individual  finds  himself  completely  only  in  absolute  surrender 
to  something  outside  of  himself,  as  the  true  lover  to  his  beloved,  and 
that  the  only  real  and  permanent  independence  is  to  be  free  from  the 
chains  of  self,  to  lose  self  in  glad,  free  service  of  God  and  humanity. 
And  the  nation  thought  then,  as  we  have  allowed  politicians  to  repre- 
sent us  as  thinking  still,  that  freedom  lies  in  selfish  isolation,  just  as 
the  new  principle  of  the  self-determination  of  peoples,  though  it  in- 
volves the  surrender  by  one  nation  of  its  unjust  domination  of  another, 
still  means  scarcely  more  than  that  the  peoples  are  set  free  to  enter  the 
race  for  self-aggrandizement. 

And  in  social  and  industrial  questions,  we  are  still  hampered  by  con- 

[   108  ] 


JDDRESS  OF  WELCOME 

ceptions  wliich  have  proved  totally  inadequate  to  establish  and  promote 
the  common  weal.  Our  generation,  the  generation  of  iis  who  are  passing 
away  from  the  world's  activities,  has  been  a  period  of  great  combina- 
tions, but  of  combinations  as  yet  devoid,  at  least  consciously,  though 
God  may  be  guiding  them  to  fulfil  His  purposes,  of  any  principle  which 
is  not  hostile  to  any  true  democracy.  Trusts  and  Labor  Unions  liave 
thought  ])rimarily  of  the  strengthening  of  their  own  power,  the  advance- 
ment of  their  own  interests,  and  popular  uprisings  against  them  have 
seldom  gone  to  the  root  of  the  matter.  The  principle  that  every  man 
is  entitled  to  get  all  he  can  for  himself  has  been  left  substantially  un- 
touched, for  sporadic  attempts  to  check  profiteering  and  the  devices  of 
income  and  inheritance  taxes  are,  in  effect,  only  attempts  by  the  many 
to  wrest  from  the  few  the  gains  the  existing  system  permits.  Tliev  are, 
at  best,  mere  palliatives,  not  cures  or  preventives,  of  social  disease.  And 
so  with  Labor.  It  has  extorted  higher  wages  and  shorter  hours  by  strikes 
or  the  threats  of  strikes,  which  w^ould  cause  not  merely  the  upsetting  of 
business  but  widespread  suffering  for  the  necessities  of  life.  There  has 
been  as  yet  little  deep  consideration  of  the  problem  of  the  fair  distribu- 
tion of  the  earnings  of  business  ability  and  of  manual  labor,  of  the  source 
of  capital  or  of  its  right  to  continue.  The  L'nions  insist  on  their  right  to 
the  brute  force  of  strikes,  regardless  of  consequences  to  others,  and  Cap- 
ital still  hopes  that  strikes  may  be  made  unlawful,  so  that  Labor  may 
be  forced  to  continue  to  serve.  Never  was  there  a  greater  need  or  oppor- 
tunity to  proclaim  the  New  Commandment  of  Love. 

This  parish  was,  at  its  beginning,  an  attempt  to  establish  permanently 
the  old  order  of  society  and  the  old  conception  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
as  the  Church  of  the  privileged.  You  will  forgive  me  for  speaking  of 
my  ancestors,  but  it  would  be  absurd  to  ignore  them,  for  the  history  of 
Parish  and  Diocese  cannot  be  told  without  them.  For  more  than  one 
hundred  and  seventy  years,  one  of  the  chief  desires  of  our  hearts  has  been 
the  prosperity  of  the  Church  in  this  city  and  in  the  State,  and  I  pray 
that,  as  long  as  our  name  lasts,  Ave  may  be  eager  to  do  all  that  in  us  lies 
to  strengthen  and  extend  its  influence.  As  soon  as,  in  1754,  my  grand- 
father's grandfather.  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner,  acquired  individual  title 
to  the  territory  now  included  in  Gardiner,  West  Gardiner,  and  part  of 
Farmingdale,  he  set  about  establishing  the  Church.  His  dream  was  of 

[    109  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MALYE 

a  great  English  estate,  entailed  so  that  it  could  never  be  alienated  or 
divided,  inhabited  by  industrious  and  prosperous  tenants,  content  with 
that  subordinate  state  of  life  to  which  he  believed  God  had  called  them, 
under  the  benevolent  rule  of  his  descendants,  submitting  themselves  to 
the  Rector  and  the  Squire  for  the  time  being,  ordering  themselves  lowly 
and  reverently  to  all  their  betters.  Faithful  to  his  belief  in  the  righteous- 
ness of  the  old  order,  which  he  conceived  to  have  been  ordained  of  God. 
he  remained  loyal,  at  the  Revolution,  to  the  King,  and  so.  by  retiring  to 
England,  risked,  and  subsequently  lost,  almost  the  whole  of  what  was 
then  a  vast  fortune,  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  two  largest  in  America. 
It  must  have  been  a  bitter  experience  for  him  to  apply,  as  he  was  obliged 
to  do,  to  the  British  Crown  for  the  means  of  subsistence  in  England. 

With  all  my  heart,  I  rejoice  that  his  dream  failed  of  fulfilment.  It  was 
impossible,  entirely  contraiy  to  the  new  spirit  then  beginning  to  stir  in 
America  and  to  that  true  democracy  which  Christ  came  to  establish. 
Yet  it  was  no  ignoble  dream.  He  thought  it  was  the  best  way  to  devote 
his  w^ealth  to  the  welfare  of  the  community,  and  he  hoped  that  thus  he 
could  bind  ftist  his  posterity  forever  to  the  service  of  God  through  the 
Church.  Deeply  as  we  rejoice  in  the  abolition  of  class  distinctions,  yet 
there  was  sometimes  in  the  old  order  a  sense  of  responsibility  which  we 
are  in  danger  of  losing,  now  that  entrance  into  the  ranks  of  the  privi- 
leged comes  largely  from  the  acquisition  of  wealth.  There  was  a  deeper 
and  more  permanent  inspiration  in  the  principle  that  noblesse  oblige  than 
in  paying  an  income  tax  of  fifty  per  cent.  Perhaps  the  old  responsibility 
too  easily  felt  itself  discharged  by  the  cold  charity  which  was  content 
to  let  the  poor  man  gather  the  crumbs  from  the  rich  man's  table,  but 
even  that  was  better  than  the  bittei-  struggle  between  rich  and  poor, 
each  to  hold  for  himself  all  that  he  has  and  to  wrest  from  the  other  as 
much  more  as  possible. 

My  grandfather  realized  that  his  grandfather's  hope  to  perpetuate  the 
old  order  was  contrary  to  American  institutions,  and  his  first  act,  on 
coming  of  age,  was  to  break  the  entail,  and  thus  open  this  beautiful 
tract  of  fertile  country  to  the  independent  ownership  of  free  American 
citizens.  We,  his  descendants,  still  look  to  him  with  reverence.  From  his 
first  dealings  with  the  men  who.  in  the  long  absence  of  his  grandfather 
and  the  impossibilitv  of  any  development  during  his  own  minority,  had 

[   110  ] 


ADDRESS  OF  irELCOME 

settled  upon  iiis  property  without  strict  leg;il  rigiit,  down  to  the  day  of 
his  deatii,  liis  first  and  only  desire  was  to  deal  justly  and  to  love  mercy 
and  to  walk  humbly  before  the  Lord  his  God,  and  no  man  ever  had.  or 
more  justly  deserved,  a  finer  epitaph  than  that  beautiful  inscription  on 
the  walls  of  the  church  whose  completion  we  are  celebrating,  written 
by  the  saintly  Bishop,  for  seventeen  years  his  son,  his  brother,  his  closest 
friend.^  God  grant  that  as  long  as  his  posterity  exist  among  men.  no  one 
of  them  may  ever  fail  to  be  loyal  to  his  example. 

The  attempts  which  had  been  made  in  the  earliest  settlements  of 
Maine,  long  before  the  I'ilgrims  and  the  Puritans,  to  establish  the 
Church  proved  unsuccessful,  and  until  some  years  after  the  Revolution, 
those  who  adhered  to  it  were  often  sorely  persecuted,  and,  in  some 
places,  taxed  for  the  support  of  Congregationalism,  then  the  established 
State  Church.  To  the  south  of  jNIassachusetts,  and  even  in  Boston,  the 
Episcopal  Church  was  securely  founded.  jNIany  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  were  Churchmen,  and  AVashington,  in 
whose  hands  God  placed  the  foundation  of  the  Republic,  was  a  devout 
and  loyal  communicant.  But  many  of  its  members  throughout  the  coun- 
try were  Loyalists,  and  the  overthrow  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Divine 
right  of  kings  too  easily  fostered  prejudice  against  the  Church,  which, 
blind  to  its  Divine  commission,  had  too  often  regarded  itself  as  the 
bulwark  of  the  old  order. 

So  the  Church  in  the  United  States  was  slow  in  reaching  any  concep- 
tion of  itself  except  as  a  sect  among  sects,  without  a  universal  message 
and  responsibility.  And  that  was  especially  true  in  Maine.  In  the  dis- 
cussion as  to  which  form  of  religion  should  be  established  in  Bowdoin 
College,  even  my  grandfather,  devout  and  loyal  Churchman  as  he  was, 
debated  with  his  fellow  officers  of  the  college  only  the  comparative 
merits  of  Congregationalism  and  Methodism.  Yet  he  had  the  vision  of 
unity.  Under  the  ministrations  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Humphrey,  about  a  hun- 
dred and  ten  years  ago,  an  effort  was  made  to  unite  the  Methodists  with 
our  Parish.  But  the  Church,  then  in  this  country,  as  in  England,  in  bonds 
to  uniformity,  insisted  upon  the  letter  of  the  Prayer  Book  as  one  of  the 
cornerstones  of  unity,  and  the  Methodists,  still  in  the  first  flush  of  AVes- 

'  This  Memorial,  erected  by  tlie  Parish  of  Christ  Church,  attests  their  firateful  reverence  for  Robert  Hallowell  Gar- 
diner, from  youth  to  age  tlieir  leader,  benefactor,  and  godly  example. 

[     111     ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

ley's  protest  against  the  deadly  and  mechanical  formality  Avhich  had 
brought  the  Church  in  England  to  the  lowest  ebb  in  its  history,  pre- 
ferred their  freedom. 

Yet  the  Parish  and  the  Diocese  had  their  share  in  the  new  life  which 
was  beginning  to  stir  in  the  Church.  Just  before  the  erection  of  the 
present  Church  building,  there  was  established  here  a  Sunday-school, 
one  of  the  earliest  in  the  country,  and  Parish  and  Diocese  shared  early 
in  the  Evangelical  awakening  to  missionary  activity,  a  reflex  of  the 
preaching  of  Wesley  and  AVhitefield,  which  first  roused  the  Church  to 
life  and  power,  and  prepared  the  way  for  the  Tractarian  mo\ement. 
which  deepened  and  extended  the  missionary  motive  by  giving  the 
Church  the  consciousness  of  its  universal  and  corporate  responsibility 
as  the  Body  of  Christ.  Eor  the  permanent  and  life-giving  root  of  that 
motive  is  the  sharing  in  the  life  and  purpose  and  hojie  for  mankind  of 
God  Incarnate  in  the  Person  of  the  Son,  and,  for  the  generality  of  men, 
that  motive  is  best  quickened  and  strengthened  by  the  special  means 
of  grace  ministered  through  the  Sacraments.  We  need  the  intense  per- 
sonal conviction  of  immediate  relation  with  God.  Our  Faith,  that  which 
makes  us  what  we  are,  needs  to  be  rooted  personally  in  the  personal 
Christ.  But  we  need,  too,  the  assurance  that  membership  in  Christ 
means  membership  in  the  Body  of  which  He  is  the  Head,  and  through 
which  He  ministers  His  Life  to  all  who  are  bound  together  in  Him. 

But  now,  as  the  world  grows  smaller  and  men  are  more  closely  related 
to  one  another,  the  corporate  aspect  of  our  religion  is  the  special  need. 
It  is  more  deeply  true  than  at  any  time  in  history,  that  no  man,  nor  any 
nation,  can  truly  live  in  isolation.  Yes,  —  never  has  there  been  greater 
need  or  opportunity  for  the  corporate  function  of  the  Church.  God 
established  on  the  great  high  road  between  the  earliest  civilizations  the 
people  to  whom  He  specially  manifested  His  revelation  of  Himself  as 
infinite,  eternal,  transcendent,  righteous,  and  just.  There  He  sent  His 
Son  to  be  made  man  to  reveal  His  indwelling  in  the  world  in  perfect 
love,  that  the  knowledge  of  Him  might  be  carried  more  swiftly  to  every 
part  of  the  eartli.  That  has  now  been  done,  for  there  is  no  corner  of  the 
globe  to  which  the  Gospel  has  not  penetrated,  or  where  men  are  not 
influenced,  consciously  or  unconsciously,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  Jesus 
Christ.  There  was  an  old  prophecy  that  when  the  Gospel  had  been 

[  ii2  ] 


ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME 

preached  to  all  the  world,  the  Lord  would  come  again  in  all  His  glory. 
It  niav  be  that  to  the  generation  which  is  taking  our  places  is  vouchsafed 
the  opportunity  now  to  bring  all  His  world  to  obedience  to  His  law  of 
Lo\"e.  The  ends  of  the  earth  have  been  brought  together,  and  the  whole 
world  made  one,  so  that  the  Church,  to  which  God  has  entrusted  the 
message  of  His  Love  Incarnate,  may  knit  all  men  everywhere,  of  every 
race  and  tongue  and  clime,  into  the  one  Body  of  the  one  Lord,  filled 
with  His  Spirit  of  love  and  service  and  sacrifice,  that  He  may  be  all  in 
all,  and  peace  and  righteousness  established  forevei". 

So  while  our  children  and  our  children's  children  to  the  remotest  gen- 
eration must  hold  fast  to  all  that  our  ancestors  have  pi'eserved  for  them 
of  the  personal  relation  of  the  individual  to  God,  yet  the  eyes  of  the 
generation  to  whose  hands  (iod  is  now  entrusting  the  visible  activities  of 
the  Chuix'h  and  the  direction  of  the  world  must  be  fixed  upon  the  vision 
of  the  Church,  not  as  an  aggregation  of  individuals,  however  saintlv, 
but  as  the  Body  of  Christ,  the  fullness  of  Him  that  filleth  all  in  all. 

The  dav  of  Democracy,  toward  which  civilization  has  been  struggling 
from  its  earliest  dawn,  often  through  blood  and  fire  in  all  the  iiorrors  of 
war  between  nations  and  classes  and  individuals,  is  near  at  hand.  It  can- 
not be  held  back,  for  democracy  is  the  instinct  deeph"  implanted  by  God 
in  the  hearts  of  all  men  that  they  may  be  fit  to  be  His  friends,  brothers 
of  His  Son  and  of  one  another  in  His  Son.  And  because  God  wants  men 
to  be  His  friends.  He  has  made  us  free, — free  to  share  in  His  purposes 
of  Love,  or  free,  if  Ave  will,  to  thwart  and  postpone  them. 

But  to  seek  to  thwart  oncoming  democracy  is  to  oppose  the  central 
doctrine  of  our  Faith.  For  we  who  are  Churchmen  can  find,  if  we  look 
fearlessly  and  deeply,  no  permanent  and  efficient  hope  for  the  world 
except  in  Christ's  New  Commandment  that  we  should  love  one  another 
even  as  He  also  has  loAcd  us.  To  us  is  not  offered  the  crown  of  martyr- 
dom by  axe  or  fire.  But  there  stands  before  each  of  us  the  opportunity 
for  the  utter  surrender  of  self  to  the  one  Life  of  the  one  Body,  that 
each  of  us  may  help  to  bring  in  a  free  and  united  world  living  the  life 
of  lo\e.  State  and  Church  have  their  separate  functions,  and  neither  can 
yet  attain  fulfilment  unless  they  are  kept  separate.  But  surelv  that  is 
not  the  complete  or  permanent  ideal.  The  State  has  been  defined  as  soci- 
ety organized  apart  from  God.  The  Church  is,  or  would  be  if  we  gave 

[   113  ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 

ourselves  to  God's  will,  society  organized,  that  is  to  say,  vitalized  and 
bound  together,  in  God  througli  Christ,  charged  with  the  duty  of  mani- 
festing His  Will  as  to  every  relation  in  wliich  men  as  individuals  or 
classes  or  nations  can  stand  to  one  another.  The  ground  of  real  demo- 
cracy is  the  fact  that  God  has  taken  upon  Him  the  nature  of  every  man. 
and  the  Church,  which  is  the  Body  in  which  Christ  dwells  in  His  world, 
will  be,  if  men  cease  to  thwart  the  purpose  of  its  Head,  the  life  and  guid- 
ing spirit  of  a  truly  democratic  state. 

So  the  present  opportunity  of  the  Church  is  to  manifest  itself  as  the 
one  Body  of  Christ,  Whose  Law  of  love  is  the  only  solution  of  the 
problem  ofa  world  which  shall  not  be  desolated  by  horrors  unspeakable. 
The  divided  Church,  divided  because  each  of  us  has  fixed  his  gaze  upon 
the  motes  in  his  brother's  eye  instead  of  standing  with  his  brothers 
uplifted  to  the  vision  of  the  King  in  His  beauty,  has  been  powerless 
to  prevent  the  war  which  has  almost  desti'oyed  civilization  in  half  the 
world  and  effaced  the  ideals  of  freedom  in  the  rest.  It  had  no  one  voice 
with  which  to  protest  effectively  against  the  iniquities  ofa  treaty  which 
has  sought  to  reduce  to  hopeless  slavery  a  great  nation,  sinful  though 
it  may  have  been,  yet  whose  industry  and  ability  and  thoroughness  had 
helped  so  greatly  to  promote  learning  and  science,  and  had  so  largely 
increased  that  material  prosperity  of  the  world  which  all  of  us  have  put 
before  the  advancement  of  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

And  it  will  be  a  lasting  blot  on  the  history  of  this  great  Republic 
that,  after  we  had,  in  the  earlier  years  of  the  titanic  struggle  in  Europe, 
accumulated  most  of  the  wealth  of  the  world  and  bound  all  the  nations 
to  our  service  as  our  debtors,  we  have  refused  to  share  in  the  effort  to 
recreate  the  world  and  have  determined  to  pass  by  on  the  other  side, 
letting  bleeding,  starving  Europe  writhe  in  agony  till,  if  life  and  strength 
return,  the  nations  may  grapple  one  another  again  in  a  still  more  deadly 
struggle  of  hate.  The  problems  which  racked  the  world  before  the  A^'ar 
remain  unsolved,  changed  a  little  in  outward  form,  but  in  essence  the 
same,  for  their  root  was  in  the  principle  of  competition, — selfishness 
under  the  thin  disguise  of  another  word.  The  evil  to  combat  which  the 
world  poured  out  its  blood  and  treasure  was  Force,  but  the  victory  has 
only  substituted  one  force  for  another.  Even  in  America,  boasting  it- 
self for  more  than  a  century  as  the  land  of  the  free,  we  have  witnessed 

[    114   ] 


ADDRESS  OF  JVELCOME 

with  equanimity,  if  not  with  horrid  joy,  the  oppression  of  conscience 
and  the  destruction  of  free  speech.  It  is  the  same  world,  weakened  by 
hunger  and  want,  convulsed  by  new  forces,  falling  into  new  alignments. 
Great  mass  movements  are  aroused  that  cannot  be  stemmed.  To  per- 
meate these  new  forces  with  the  life  of  love,  with  the  thought  of  the 
well-being  of  all,  and  not  the  salvation  of  the  few,  is  the  revolution  for 
which  we  must  work.  The  world  is  in  revolution.  It  is  for  us  to  help  to 
make  it  a  Christian  revolution. 

Ciod  grant  that  the  Church  may  yet  open  her  eyes  to  the  vision  of  the 
King  of  I^ove  upon  the  Cross.  If  she  can  but  catch  a  glimpse  of  that, 
all  her  divisions  will  be  healed,  for  every  member  of  the  Body  will  be 
set  free  from  self,  whether  it  be  the  self  of  the  individual,  the  class,  the 
sect,  or  the  nation.  Love  is  the  only  enduring  power  and  hope  of  the 
world,  the  only  means  by  which  mancan  become  what  God,  Who  made 
man  in  His  own  Image,  hopes  and  means  him  to  be.  Only  in  perfect  love 
is  perfect  freedom  and  fulfilment — and  the  history  of  the  world  is  the 
story  of  Gods  patience  in  teaching  man  that  lesson.  Do  we  really  believe 
that  Love  is  a  powerful  force,  mightier  than  liate  and  greed  and  ambi- 
tion? If  we  do  not,  we  take  the  name  of  Christian  in  vain.  Let  us,  if  we 
do  not  have  this  Faith,  tear  down  our  churches  and  remove  from  the 
fascinated  eyes  of  aspiring  men  the  light  of  the  Cross.  But  He  Who  was 
lifted  up  does  indeed  draw  all  men  unto  Him.  And  so  this  occasion, 
which  takes  us  back  to  the  early  days  of  the  Church  in  America,  is  not 
for  us  so  much  a  day  of  memories  as  a  day  of  purpose.  Every  age  has 
its  own  pioneers.  Let  us  be  pioneers  of  the  new  world  of  love. 


[   115  ] 


CLERGY  OF  THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 


FROM  1820  TO  1920 


Date. 

No.           Name 

From 

1820 

I.Timothy  Hilliard 

Massachusetts 

2.  Gifleon"w.  OIney 

Massachusetts 

3.  Petriis  Stuyvesant  Ten  Broeck 

Massachusetts 

1S28 

4.  Thomas  S.  W.  Mott 

Massachusetts 

5.  Lot  Jones.  D.D. 

Georgia 

6.  Samuel  Fuller.  D.D. 

New  York 

1829 

7.  Norris  M.  Jones 

Massachusetts 

8.  Isaac  Peck 

Massachusetts 

1831 

9.  Henry  B.  Goodwin 

Virginia 

10.  Joseph  Muenscher.  D.D. 

Massachusetts 

183-2 

11.  Joel  Clap.  D.D. 

Vermont 

12.  George  T.  Chapman.  D.D. 

Vermont 

1834. 

13.  Stephen  C.  Millet 

Massachusetts 

14.  James  Cook  Richmond 

Mas.sachusetts 

15.  Samuel  G.  Appleton 

Maine 

1835 

16.  William  Horton.  D.D. 

Vermont 

1H36 

17.  John  W.  French,  D.D. 

Pennsylvania 

1837 

18.  Nicholas  Hoppin,  D.D. 

New  York 

1S39 

19.  Frederick  Freeman 

Pennsylvania 

18+0 

20.  James  Pratt,  D.D. 

Rhode  Island 

21.  Sylvester  N'asli 

Virginia 

22.  William  Robinson  Babcock 

Maine 

23.  Fernando  C.  Putnam 

N.  H. 

1841 

24.  Thomas  Lyman  Randolph 

Rhode  Island 

25.  John  Blake 

Maine 

18i2 

26.  Eleazer  A.  Greenleaf 

Massachusetts 

27.  John  West 

Rhode  Island 

1843 

28.  Reuben  E.  Taylor 

Maine 

29.  Thomas  F.  Fales 

Rhode  Island 

30.  Alexander  Burgess.  D.D. 

Connecticut 

1845 

31.  Frederick  Gardiner.  D.D. 

Maine 

1846 

32.  Nathaniel  T.  Bent 

Massachusetts 

1847 

33.  Samuel  Durborrow 

Pennsylvania 

34.  David  Greene  Haskins 

Maine 

35.  Daniel  Raynes  Goodwin.  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Maine 

36.  Jonathan  Pinkney  Hammond 

Rhode  Island 

1848 

37.  Edwin  Winfleld  Murray 

Maine 

1849 

38.  George  Clinton  Van  Kleeten  Eastman 

N.  H. 

39.  George  Slattery 

Maine 

40.  John  Cotton  Smith,  D.D. 

Ohio 

41.  Andrew  Croswell 

Massachusetts 

1850 

42.  George  Wells  Durell 

Maine 

1851 

43.  William  H.  CaldweU  Robertson 

Virginia 

44.  Horatio  Southgate,  D.D.,  late  Missionary 

Bishop 

45.  John  Adams  Jerome 

Maine 

1852 

46.  Edwin  Winfield  Murray 

Alabama 

47.  Daniel  Cony  Weston.  D.D. 

Maine 

Cure         Transferred 

Portland  1842 

Gardiner  1838 

Portland  1836 

Gardiner  1829 

1828 

Saco  1828 

Saco  1829 

Gardiner  1832 

Saco  1832 

Saco  1834 

Gardiner  1840 

Portland  1835 

Saco  1837 

Augusta  1835 

1835 

Saco  1840 

Portland  1840 

Bangor  1838 

Bangor  1845 

Portland  1858 

Saco  1841 

Gardiner  1848 

Bangor  1844 

Saco  1842 

Houlton  1867 
Williamsburgh         1842 

Bangor  1845 

Saco  1845 

Brunswick  1849 

Augusta  1867 

Saco  1865 

Bangor  1849 

Old  Town  1852 

Gardiner  1847 
Bowdoin  College     1853 

Saco  1849 

Dresden  1850 

Old  Town  1851 

Saco  1860 

Bangor  1852 

Brunswick  1853 

Calais  1867 

Dresden  1852 
Port.,  St.  Luke's     1852 

1855 

Dresden  1857 

Old  Town  1857 


[   117] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 


Date 
1853 


57. 

58. 

59. 

1856 

60. 

61. 

1857 

62. 

63. 

6i. 

65. 

1858 

66. 

67. 

68. 

1859 

69. 

70. 

71. 

1860 

72. 

73. 

H. 

76. 


78. 

79. 

186-2 

80. 

1863 

81. 

82. 

83. 

]864. 

84. 

K5. 

1865 

86. 

87. 

88. 

89. 

90. 

91. 

1867 

92. 

93. 

9-1. 

1868 

95. 

Name^ 
Reuel  Hotthkiss  Tuttle 
William  Mortimer  Willian 
Benjamin  H.  Paddock,  D.D. 
Samuel  Cowell 

William  Edmund  Armitage,  D.D. 
Charles  Hathorn  Wheeler 
Junius  M.  Willey 
William  Stone  Chadwell 
Edward  Jessup 
William  Scott  Southgate 
Nathaniel  Ellsworth  Cornwall,  D.l 
Robert  Paul 

Roger  Strong  Howard.  D.D. 
Pelham  Williams 
William  Mortimer  Willian 
Asa  Dalton 

John  Barret  Southgate 
John  Franklin  Spaulding 
Edward  Ballard.  D.D. 
Edward  Folsom  Baker 
Daniel  Cony  Ingraham 
Edwin  Winfield  Murray 
John  Flavel  Mines 
Gordon  Moses  Bradley 
Nicholas  Frederick  Ludlum 
James  Holwell  Kidder 
Henry  Ripley  Howard 
William  Stevens  Perry,  D.D. 
William  Henry  Brooks,  D.D. 
William  Woodruff  Niles.  D.D. 
Daniel  Freeman  Smith 
John  Gierlow 
Samuel  John  Evans 
Daniel  Goodwin 
Thomas  Atkins 
William  Henry  Collins 
James  Augustus  Sanderson 
Asa  Dalton 
Edwin  E.  Johnson 
James  Douglas  Reid 
Edward  Augustus  Bradley 
William  Packard  Tucker 
John  Thomas  Magrath 
Nathaniel  Lindsay  Briggs 
Flavel  Scott  Mines 
Charles  Wells  Hayes 
.  Charles  Talcott  Ogden 
Julius  Hammond  Ward 
Daniel  Freeman  Smith 


From 

Cure         Transferred 

Connecticut 

Old  Town 

1854. 

Massachusetts 

Bangor 

1856 

Connecticut 

Port.,  St.  Luke's 

1854. 

New  York 

Saco 

1858 

N.  H. 

Augusta 

1859 

Maine 

1856 

Connecticut 

Bath 

1855 

Maine 

Brunswick 

1860 

Massachusetts 

Bath 

1859 

Maine 

1856 

Pennsylvania 

Bangor 

1857 

Maine 

Old  Town 

1856 

Maine 

Portland 

1861 

Maine 

Dresden 

1861 

Massachusetts 

Bangor 

1869 

Rhode  Island 

Bangor 

1862 

Maine 

Lewiston 

1863 

Maine 

Old  Town 

1859 

Connecticut 

Brunswick 

18701 

Maine 

1858 

Maine 

Lewiston 

18601 

Virginia 

Dresden 

18771 

Connecticut 

Bath 

1865 

Massachusetts 

Augusta 

1863 

N.  H. 

Lewiston 

1864 

Maine 

Eastport 

1863 

Maine 

Rockland 

1864 

N.  H. 

Port.,  St.  Stephen's  1864 

Massachusetts 

Hallowell 

1862 

Connecticut 

Wiscasset 

1865 

Maine 

Calais 

1864 

Louisiana 

Augusta 

1864 

Massachusetts 

Saco 

1869 

Rhode  Island 

Bangor 

1869 

Maine 

Dresden 

18681 

Rhode  Island 

Lewiston 

1866 

Connecticut 

Eastport 

1867 

New  York 

Port..St.  Stephen's  19121 

Connecticut 

Augusta 

1868 

New  York 

Caraden 

1867 

New  York 

Wiscasset 

1869 

Maine 

Bath 

1869 

Maine 

Gardiner 

1869 

Maine 

De.\ter 

1867 

New  York 

Eastport 

1869 

Western  N.  Y. 

Port.,  Cathedral 

1880 

Ohio 

Dexter 

1872 

Connecticut 

Thomaston 

1875 

N.  H. 

Camden 

1875 

[   118  ] 


CLERGY  OF   THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 


Date  No.  Xame 

97.  William  James  Alger 

98.  William  Henry  Washburn 

99.  Samuel  Upjohn 

KM).  Nathaniel  W.  Taylor  Root 

1868  101.  Chester  Ingles  Chapin 
10-2.  Thomas  Marsden 

1869  103.  Edward  Folsom  Baker 

10-1.  Christopher  Starr  Leffingwell 

105.  Leonard  Kip  Storrs 

106.  Benjamin  Franklin  Cooley 
lOT.  Edward  Goodridge 

1870  108.  Benjamin  W.  .\twell 

109.  .\lonzo  Norton  Lewis 

110.  Horace  B.  Hitchings 

111.  Clement  Jonathan  Whipple 
11-2.  Frederic  Clifton  Neely 
U.S.  James  Davies 

1871  11+.  Harry  Leigh  Yewens 

115.  Herbert  Clarkson  Miller 

116.  Joseph  Pemberton  Taylor 

117.  Lewis  Henry  Jackson 

118.  William  B.  Bolmer 
1873  119.  Edward  Coffin  Gardner 

130.  Alexander  Felix  Samuels 
121.  Edward  Hubbell 
13?.  Frederic  Schroeder  Sill 
1873  1-23.  Henrj'  Rogers  Pyne 

1-2+.  Clarence  Winship  Colton 
1-25.  Hudson  .Sawyer 

126.  Joseph  Jenks 

127.  Charles  March  Pyne 

128.  David  Pise 

187+  129.  Medville  McLaughlin 

130.  John  Gregson 

131.  George  Milner  Stanley 

132.  Richard  Price 

133.  Edwin  Francis  Small 
134..  Rodney  Miller  Edwards 
13.5.  .\rthur  Herbert  Locke 
136.  James  Davies 

1875  137.  Robert  Wyllie 

138.  Robert  Clarke  Caswall 

139.  Charles  John  Ketchum 
1+0.  George  Thomas  Packard 

1876  1+1.  William  Walker 

1877  1+-2.  Charles  Edwin  Fitts 
1+3.  Harry  Peirce  Nichols 
144.  James  Sovraine  Purdy 
1+5.  Merritt  H.  Wellman 


From 
Western  N.  Y. 
Maine 
Connecticut 
New  York 
N.  H. 
New  York 
Wisconsin 
Western  N.  Y. 
Maine 

Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Colorado 
New  York 
Maine 

Exeter,  Eng. 
Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Pittsburgh 
Maryland 
Wisconsin 
Connecticut 
Missouri 
Long  Island 
New  York 
Central  N.  Y. 
Maine 
Maine 

Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Indiana 
Maine 
Mississippi 
Connecticut 
England 
Maine 
Maine 
Maine 

Western  N.  Y. 
Maine 
Pittsburgh 
Maine 

Northern  N.  J. 
Connecticut 
Maine 

Pennsylvania 
New  York 
New  Jersey 


Cuff,  Transferred 

Saco  1881 

.\shland  18951 

Augusta  188+ 
Port..  St.  Paul's       1872' 
Port.,  Cathedral      1872 

Winn  18831 

Lewiston  1871 

Gardiner  19021 

Hallowell  1871 

Camden  1869 

Wiscasset  1871 

Camden  187+ 

Dexter  1872 

Bangor  1872 

Eastport  1871 
Port.,  Cathedral 

Old  Town  1872 

Lewiston  1875 

Ashland  1877 

Brunswick  1873 

Eastport  1873 

Old  Town  1873 

Bangor  1876 

Old  Town  1873 

Bath  187+2 

Brunswick  1879 

Eastport  1889 

Winn  1875 

Hallowell  1889 

Houlton  1875 
Port..  Cathedral  1876 
Port.,  St.  Paul's      1855 

Ashland  1889 

Bath  1881 

Camden  1877 

Dexter  18751 

Waterv^ille  1885 

Fort  Fairfield  1878 

Camden  1880 

Winn  1881 

Lewiston  1878 

Rockland  1876 
Port..  St.  Paul's       1881 

Bangor  IflOji 

Rockland  1883 

Ellsworth  1877 

Brunswick  1883 

Brunswick  188+1 

Eastport  1888 


[   119   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 


Date  No.  Name 

1878  UH.  Charles  PMwin  Fitts 
1+7.  Samuel  Moran 

1879  U8.  Henry  Jones 

14.9.  Leverett  Bradley,  Jr. 

150.  Daniel  Flack 

131.  Charles  James  Palmer 

1880  152.  Andrew  Merkel 

153.  Charles  Morton  Sills 

154.  Addison  Munroe  Sherman 

155.  George  Arthur  Holbrook 

156.  George  Franklin  Pratt 

157.  William  Allen  Fiske 
1.58.  Joseph  A.  Norwood 
159.  William  De  Hart 

18S1  KiO.  John  M.  Bates 

Kil.  Arthur  Wilde  Little 
\(r2.  George  Samuel  Hill 
l(i3.  John  Howard  Veazey 
Un.  Herbert  M.  Jarvis 
188-2  165.  William  Lionel  Watson 
1883  166.  George  Arthur  Holbrook 

167.  William  Dickinson  Martin 

168.  Edward  P.  Lee 

169.  Charles  T.  Ogden 
1884.  170.  Walker  Gwynne 

171.  Frederic  Towers 

173.  Leonard  W.  Richardson 

173.  Wyllys  Rede 

174.  Henry  Jones 

175.  Richmond  Shreve 

176.  Charles  Luke  Wells 

1885  177.  Robert  N.  Parke 

178.  Carroll  Everett  Harding 

179.  Frederick  Herbert  Rowse 

180.  George  Shuttleworth  Atwood 

181.  Joseph  Dinzey 

1886  183.  Albert  W.  Snyder 

183.  Lyman  Herbert  Merrill 
1H4-.  Frederick  Pember 

185.  William  Timothy  Elmer 

186.  John  McGaw  Foster 

187.  Le  Baron  W.  Fowler 

1887  188.  William  Alonzo  Swan.  Jr. 
189.  Joseph  S.  Colton 

1888  190.  Henry  W.  Winkley 
191.  Allen  Everett  Beeman 
193.  William  H.  Burbank 

1889  193.  David  Vaughan  Gwilym 
194-.  Charles  Lancaster  Short 


From 
Rhode  Island 
Rhode  Island 
Maine 

Massachusetts 
New  Jersey 
New  York 
Nova  Scotia 
Nova  Scotia 
Maine 
Maine 
Maine 
Illinois 
Nova  Scotia 
Mississippi 
Connecticut 
N.  H. 
Maine 
Maine 
Nova  Scotia 
Maine 
Ohio 

New  York 
Vermont 
Vermont 
Albany 
Fredericton 
Iowa 

New  York 
Colorado 
Nova  Scotia 
Massachusetts 
Western  N.  Y. 
Maine 
Maine 
Maine 
Quebec 
Chicago 
Maine 
England 
Connecticut 
Massachusetts 
Fredericton 
Maine 
Quincy 
Fredericton 
Connecticut 
New  York    . 
Fredericton 
Massachusetts 


Cure        Transferred 
Dresden  18M(|2 

1879 
Ashland  1884 

Gardiner  1884 

Hallowell  1881 

1880 
Rockland  1883 

Port.,  Cathedral      1902 

1880 

1880 
Bath  1884 

Bangor  1888 

Calais  1881 

Bath  1882 

Waterville  1883 

Port..  St.  Paul's  1888 
E.NCter  18861 

Sherman  1886 

Eastport  1883 

Ashland  18862 

1888 
Dexter  1889 

Trav.  Missionary  1883 
Trav.  Missionary  IHlli 
Augusta  1894 

Rockland  1886' 

Waterville  1886 

1886 
Camden  191T1 

1885 
Gardiner  1888 

Bath  1889 

Ashland  1888 

Fort  Fairfield  1888 

18863 
Eastport  1892 

Saco  &  Biddeford  1888 
Biddeford  1888 

1888 
Presque  Isle  1893 

Bangor  1899 

No.  East  Harbor     19021 

1890 
De.xter  &  Exeter  1895 
Saco  1899 

Gardiner  1895 

Brunswick  1893 

Houlton  1894 

Newcastle  1894 


'  Approximate  date  of  tr.Tnsfer 


[    120  ] 


CLERGY  OF  THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 


Date  So.  Xame 

195.  Charles  Henry  Tindell 

196.  Artenius  .\llerton  Miirch 

197.  Lewis  M.  Wilkiiis 

198.  James  W.  Sparks 

199.  Harry  W.  R.  Stafford 

1890  200.  Preston  Barr 

1891  201.  Charles  Edward  Osgood  Nichols 

202.  Gilbert  .\lraon  Ottmann 

203.  Theodore  L.  Allen 
204..  John  S.  Moody 

205.  George  Bruce  Nicholson 

206.  Clarence  W.  McCully 
20T.  Arthur  W.  Wrixon 

1892  208.  A.  S.  H.  Winsor 

209.  John  C.  Johnes 

210.  John  F.  George 

211.  Herbert  A.  Remick 

1893  213.  William  Farrand  Livingston 
213.  Leroy  Samuel  Bates 

21+.  Harry  Hudson 

215.  H.  Hobart  Barber 

216.  Searle  M.  Wren 

217.  Charles  F.  Sweet 

189*  218.  William  John  Denziloe  Thomas 

219.  John  Leech  Porter 

220.  Arthur  Bradford  Papineau 

221.  Robert  Wetmore  Plant 

222.  Joseph  B.  Shepherd 

223.  A.  W.  Snyder 

224.  Henry  >L  Brown 

225.  Ivan  C.  Fortin 

226.  Jacob  Eckstorm 

1895  327.  Dwight  Galloupe 

228.  Hudson  Sawj-er 

229.  Joseph  Robinson  Norwood 

230.  Richard  Lapthorn  Sloggett 

231.  Charles  Follen  Lee 
233.  Marcus  Hobson  Carroll 

1896  233.  Medville  McLaughlin 
334..  Edward  P.  Lee 

235  Hamilton  Bancker  Phelps 
236.  William  Dutton  Dale 

1897  237.  Walter  C.  Stewart 

238.  Samuel  L.  .Mitchell 

239.  William  Howard  Davis 
2J0.  William  Osborne  Baker 
2+1.  George  F.  Degen 

1898  2+2.  Samuel  B.  Moore 
2+3.  John  Gregson 


From 
Rhode  Island 
Maine 
Nova  Scotia 
Massachusetts 
New  York 
Massachusetts 
N.  H. 
California 
Michigan 
New  York 
Maine 
Nova  Scotia 
North  Carolina 
Maryland 
Alabama 
Connecticut 
N.  H. 
Maine 
Maine 
Maine 

East  Carolina 
Central  Penn. 
Massachusetts 
New  York 
Fond  du  Lac 
Massachusetts 
Massachusetts 
Connecticut 
Central  Penn. 
Western  N.  Y. 
Minnesota 
Oregon 

Western  N.  Y. 
Kansas 
Long  Island 
Central  Penn. 
Massachusetts 
New  York 
Rhode  Island 
Massachusetts 
Maine 
Maine 
Albany 
Montreal 
Maine 
New  Jersey 
Tennessee 
Massachusetts 
Massachusetts 


Cure         Transferred 

Port.,  St.  Paul's  1890 

Sherman  &  Winn  1891 

Fort  Fairfield  1892 

Skowhegan  Miss.  1899 

Bath  1896 

No.  East  Harbor  1892 

Brunswick  189+ 

Port..  St.  Paul's  1892 

Dresden  1897 

Rockland  1897 

Fort  Fairfield  1916 

Houlton  1893 

Presque  Isle  1899 
1897 
1892 

Port.,  St.  Paul's  1891 

Eastport  1895 
Hallowell 

Calais  189+ 

Winn  1901 

Houlton  1895 
189+ 

Presque  Isle  1898 

Calais  1897 

Brunswick  1895 

Old  Town  1900 
Gardiner 

Port.,  St.  Paul's  19191 

Augusta  1898 

No.  East  Harbor  1895 

Lewiston  1910 

Eastport  1897 

Port..  St.  Luke's  1896 

.\uburn  1!1(I51 

Saco 

No.  East  Harbor 

Norway  1899 

Brunswick  1901 

1898 

1897 

1896 

Bath  190+ 

Eastport  18983 

Henderson  190+3 

Bar  Harbor  1903 

Augusta  1908 

Calais  1902 

Wiscasset  19121 


'  .Approximate  date  of  transfer. 


[   121   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIXE 


Date  No.           Name 

From 

■2H.  John  G.  Newsonie 

Albany 

■U6.  Russell  Woodman 

Albany 

1899  2+6.  Herbert  L.  Wood 

Western  N.  Y. 

24.T.  Thomas  E.  Calvert 

Western  N.  Y. 

248.  Ernest  Albert  Pressey 

Indiana 

249.  Edward  Henry  Newbegin 

Massachusetts 

250.  William  Eardsley  Thomas 

Long  Island 

1900  251.  George  Stanley  Kobinson 

Tennessee 

252.  Henry  S  win  ton  Harte 

Quebec 

253.  Frank  Hay  Staples 

Maine 

254.  William  .\lbert  Sparks 

Maine 

255.  C.  P.  K.  Cogswell 

Pittsburgh 

256.  Charles  H.  Hayes 

Washington 

25T.  William  Taylor  Walker 

Connecticut 

1901  25H.  Herbert  D.  Pulsifer 

Pittsburgh 

259.  Miles  S.  Hemenway' 

Pittsburgh 

260.  Edward  Darlington  Johnson 

Washington 

261.  Cornelius  S.  Abbott.  Jr. 

Maryland 

262.  George  Winthrop  Sargent 

Massachusetts 

1902  263.  Henry  Piatt  Seymour 

Dallas 

264.  William  H.  Osmond 

Maryland 

265.  Alanson  Q.  Bailey 

Newark 

266.  Frank  Lawrence  Vernon,  D.D. 

Western  Mass. 

267.  Rufus  Horton  Jones 

Maine 

268.  Jabez  Card  Koon 

Maryland 

1903  269.  W.  H.  Robinson 

Maryland 

270,  Stephen  H.  Green 

Chicago 

271.  Daniel  Uavies 

Nova  Scotia 

272.  Edgar  Foster  Davis 

Western  Mich. 

1904  273.  Frederick  Crosby  Lee 

Maine 

274.  Parker  Corey  Manzer 

Maine 

275.  Evan  A.  Edwards 

Washington 

276.  Cuthbert  Fowler  * 

Maine 

1905  277.  Harold  Morrill  Folsom 

Maine 

278.  Marshall  Palmer  Bowie 

Milwaukee 

279.  Willis  M.  Cleavland 

Maine 

280.  Henry  Felix  Kloman 

Virginia 

2H1.  Alexander  C.  Haverstick 

Maryland 

2«2.  Elbert  Bradlee  Holmes 

Maine 

283.  Thomas  Burgess 

Maine 

284.  Culbert  xMcGay 

Maine 

1906  2S5.  Andrew  Edward  Scott 

Massachusetts 

286.  William  Karslake  Berry 

Indiana 

1907  287.  Louis  Augustus  Parsons 

Pennsylvania 

288.  Leonard  Walter  Lott 

Louisiana 

289.  Brian  Chadwick  Roberts 

Massachusetts 

1908  290.  Aubrey  Caldwell  Gilmore 

Maine 

'Deceased.           -Deposed.           'Approximate  date 

of  transfer. 

*  Not  resident  in  the  Diocese. 

[ 

122  ] 

Cure        Transferred 

Kingman  1901 

Rockland  19131 

Saco  &  Biddeford  19023 

1903 
Portland,  Trinity 

Bangor  19061 

Henderson  1900 
Lewiston 

Presque  Isle  1905 

IWW 

Presque  Isle  1900 

Oldtown  1903 

Port.,  Cathedral  1901 

Biddeford  1900' 

Biddeford  1901 

Brunswick  1905 

Port.,  Cathedral  1903 
Port.,  St.  Stephen's  1904 

Biddeford  1910 

Auburn  1903 

Sanford  1903 
Port.,  Cathedral 

Ruraford  Falls  19071 

Houlton  1912' 

Calais  1904 

Bar  Harbor  1913 

Masardis  1904 

Machias  19082 

Bar  Harbor  1915 

Presque  Isle  1912 

Bath  1907 
(St.  Stephen's  Coll.) 

Saco  1910 

Calais  1906 

Millinocket  1908 
Port.St.  Stephen's  1916 

Fort  Fairfield  1906 

Fort  Fairfield  1914 

Ashland  1916 
Bath 

Rockland 

Newcastle  1911 

Brunswick  1917 

Bangor  19171 

Augusta  1915 

Bar  Harbor  1909 


CLERGY  OF   THE  DIOCESE  OF  M.II.VE 


Jjate  yii,  yame 

-291.  Edward  John  Baird 

292.  John  Harrison  Nolan 

293.  Arthur  Thomas  Stray 

1909  -294.  George  Bartlett  Wood 

1910  295.  Orrok  Colloque 

29(>.  John  Samuel  Warren 
29~t.  James  Woodbury  Tripp 

1911  29H.  Harry  Herbert  Gillies 
299.  Samuel  Henrj-  Jobe 

1912  300.  Edward  Darlington  Johnson 

301.  Oliver  Dow  Smith 

302.  Emmons  Parkman  Burrill 

303.  Edward  \\illiam  Morton  Waller 
30+.  Henry  Brownlee  Smith 

305.  Philip  Schuyler 

1913  306.  Albert  Cecil  Earned 

307.  Victor  Oscar  Anderson* 

308.  George  .\bbott  Hunt 
191+  309.  William  Thomas  Forsythe 

310.  Alfred  WUliam  Treen 

311.  Charles  Edgar  Wood 

312.  James  Edward  Hand 

1915  313.  Alan  Griffith  Whittemore* 

1916  3U.  Frank  Holt  Stedman 

315.  Roderick  Joseph  Mooney 

316.  Gilbert  Marshall  Foxwell 

317.  George  Colby  De.Mott 

318.  Charles  Hamilton  Bascom 

319.  Seth  Cantiekl  Hawlcy 

320.  Fred  Brasier 

1917  321.  Harland  Holmes  Ryder 

323.  Herbert  Scott-Smith 
3-23.  Roy  Rolfe  Gilson 

324.  William  E.  Patterson 

3-25.  W^illiam  Wesley  Ridgeway 

1918  3-26.  Robert  J.  Evans 
327.  Alfred  Martin 
3-28.  .\rthur  S.  Freese 

329.  Charles  Edward  Osgood  Nichols 

1919  330.  Paul  Gordon  Favor 
331.  Thomas  F.  Marshall 
aS-2.  J.  Martyn  Xeifert* 

1920  333.  David  Robert  Bailey 

334.  Rollin  D.  Malany 

335.  Ralph  H.  Hayden 

336.  Richard  M.  Fenton 

337.  John  H.  Yates 

338.  George  Victor  Bell 


Fruin 

Cure         Trim. 

./,rred 

Pennsylvania 

No.  East  Harbor 

1910 

Western  Mass. 

Port.,  Cathedral 

1914 

New  York 

Auburn 

New  Jersey 

Biddeford 

Fond  du  Lac 

Millinoc-ket 

1919 

Vermont 

Port..  Cathedral 

Maine 

Waterville 

1916 

Central  N.  Y. 

Caribou 

1915 

New  York 

Bar  Harbor 

1912 

Bethlehem 

Brunswick 

1917 

No.  Dakota 

West  Eden 

1917 

Maine 

1915 

Maine 

Caribou 

Bethlehem 

1914 

Vermont 

Canon  Missionary 

Rhode  Island 

Bar  Harbor 

1917 

Maine 

Boston 

Pennsylvania 

Riunford 

Vermont 

So.  West  Harbor 

1918» 

Maine 

1916 

Maine 

Fort  Fairfield 

1917 

Fredericton 

Bangor 

Maine 

West  Park,  N.  Y. 

Milwaukee 

Massachusetts 

Rockland 

19172 

Minnesota 

Camden 

19181 

New-ark 

Port., St.  Stephen's 

South  Carolina 

Houlton 

1917 

Colorado 

Hull's  Cove 

1917 

Fredericton 

Ashland 

19-20 

Massachusetts 

Eastport 

Woolwich,  Eng. 

Houlton 

N.  H. 

Brunswick 

N.  H. 

Bar  Harbor 

Maine 

Eastport 

1918 

Maine 

Fort  Fairfield 

Maine 

Millino<-ket 

Oklahoma 

So.  West  Harbor 

19-20 

West.  Mass. 

Sanford 

Maine 

1920 

Fredericton 

Calais 

New  York 

Newfoundland 

Old  Town 

So.  Carolina 

So.  West  Harbor 

New  York 

Camden 

Fredericton 

Port.,  St.  Paul's 

W'aterville 

19-20 

Montana 

Central  Maine  Miss. 

^  Deceased.  -  Deposed. 

'  Not  resident  in  the  Diocese. 


[   123   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAINE 


6  No.  Xtime 

339.  Lewis  Chester  Morrison 
34-0.  Jolin  E.  Shea  5 
3+1.  Richard  C.  Searing' 
3+3.  Francis  Augustus  Foxcroft 
3+3.  Edward  M.  H.  Knapp  = 


From 
Long  Island 

N.  H. 


Cure  Transferred 

Presque  Isle 
Ashland 
Hull's  Cove 
Hallowell 
Augusta 


The  above  (doubtless  imperfect)  list  is  published  subject  to  future  correction.  Except  for  the  present 
clergy,  the  cure  named  is  that  first  taken  in  the  Diocese. 

'  Not  yet  transferred  to  the  Diocese. 


[   124  ] 


PICTURES  OF  MJLVE  CHURCHES  AND 
SUMMER  CHAPELS 


Si.  John's,  Bangor 


Grace  C/iiircli,  Balh 


k 

M 

^^^H 

^^ 

M 

i\"/^ 

r 

^^ 

'  '^^^^^Z 

'wf] 

^4 

"^V/.-     ^ 

.^li^- 

-■^^'/■lv■^  :, 

--h    "W^ 

'-:-           A. 

■  '*r .. 

"  "Ll-..^ 

■IBM 

m^ 

'M 

.- __ijL«JiB*l*H^S 

'SV.  Saviour  X,  Bar  Harbor 


>SV.  'r/iomtis' ,  Camden 


m^ 


Emmanuel ,  Dciiiiixloirii 


S/.  LiiLc'x,  Caiihuit 


Chiiicli  uf  llic  Mcxxid/i,  Dexter 


Si.  Ju/iii'x,  Dresden 


Chilsl  L'hiinli,  EiislpoH 


.SV.  /'«h/'.v,  Fori  Fairfield 


Holij  Trinili/,  E.vcler 


C/irisI  L'liiinli,  Gardiner 


Chim/i  of  Our  Father,  t]ii//'.s  Cove 


St.  Mcillheir-s,  IlalloiveU 


Chtinli  of  I  lie  Good  S/iepheril,  Hoii/loii 


.S7.  James' ,  Old  Toirn 


St.  Stephen', s',  Puiihiiid 


Trimtij,  Leiri.stun 


C/iiirch  of  titc  Adtciil,  f.iiiHwIuiie 


St.  Mall/iciv'x,  I.U)im  Falls 


St.  Gcovi'c's,  Lous'  Core 


AH  Saiiil.s-' ,  Miiovahoc 


« 

m 

^< 

^-  >. 

^^^m 

HK  : 

L... 

ir^ 

1 

1      < 

St.  Luke's  Callwdral,  Puithmd 


St.  Luke's,  Kingman 


St.  John's-,  Prcsquc  Isle 


Triiiili/,  Saco 


St.  Peter's,  Port /and  {The  Bishop  Codiiuu,  Meimiriiil) 


.S7.  P/ii/i/i'.s,  n'isca.s.sel 


''SSa^^^^^^^tlf^ 


St.  Jo/iii  B(ii)ll.\L  Thiimnston 


SUMMER  CHAPELS 


All  Saints' -hti-the-Scii,  Bciilci/'s  Ishiitd 


St.  MarHii's-iii-the  Field,  Biddeford  Pool 


Tn,ul.i.  ( 


Si.  Philip' s-hy-the-Sea,  Fori:. 


St.  Cilhhn-r.'^.MmM.iha,,   Is!,i,„l 


Triiiilij,  Keiiiwhtiiik  Beach 


All  Kiiiiils'-hii-llic-Scd.  Soi/llipoi-t 


Tii/tili/,  Yuik  Harbor 


LIST  OF  CHURCHES  AND  SUMMER  CHAPELS 
WITH  STATISTICS 


STATISTICS  OF  CHURCHES  IN  MAINE 


Chnrrh 
Ashland, 
EmmdHiul 


Auburn, 

Si.  Michael's 
(Formerly  Church  of  the 
Heavenly  Rest) 


Commitniranta     Eqitipmeiit'^  Ilistoricnl  Statistics 

61  c.  R.  First  service  ISfiO 

Mission  formed  1869 
Building  consecrated  1871 

106  c.  R.  p.  First  service  1854  (then  Danville) 

Parish  formed  ISOO 
Church  built  1895 


Augusta, 

^7.  Barnahas' 

(Originally  the  Chapel  of  St. 

Catherine's  Hall) 

Augusta, 
St.  Mark's 


Bangor, 
St.  John's 


Bar  Harbor, 
St.  Saviours 


Bath. 
Grace 


Biddeford, 
Christ 


Brownville  Junction 
St.  .John's 
(Henderson) 

Brunswick, 
.S<.  raul's 


Mission  organized  189-2 
Building  consecrated  1894 


c.  R.  p.  First  service  1763 

Parish  formed  1840 
First  building  1841 
Present  building  1887 

c.  Parish  formed  1834 

First  building  consecrated  1839 
Present  building  1918 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  1867 

Parish  formed  1903 
First  building  consecrated  1879 
Present  building  1886 

c.  R.  p.  Parish  formed  1849 

Parish  organized  1855 
Building  consecrated  1853 

c.  R.  p.  Parish  formed  1669 

First  building  1874  (sold) 
Present  Parish  House  1908 

c.  R.  First  service  1891 

Mission  organized  1919 
Building  consecrated  1897 

c.  R.  P.  First  service  1842 

Parish  formed  1844 
Building  consecrated  1845 


'  C  =  Church;  R  =  Rectory;  P=  Parish  House. 


[   153   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MAIJVE 


Church  Communicants 

Calais, 

^'<.  Amies  134 


Camden, 
St.  Thomas' 


Caribou, 

St.  Luke's 


Dennis  town, 
Emmanuel 


Dexter, 

Church  of  the  Messiah 


Dresden, 
St.  ./ohn's 


Eastport, 

Christ  Church 


Exeter, 

Hoi,,/  Trinity 


Fort  P'airfield 

S^  Paul's 


Gardiner, 
Christ  Church 


Hallowell, 
8/.  Mattheiv's 


Houlton, 

Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd         107 
(St.  John's) 

'  C=Church;  R=Rectory  ;  P=Parish  House. 


K(juijimeiit^  Historical  Statistics 

c.  H.  p.  First  service  1850 

Parish  formed  1853 
Building  consecrated  May  11,  1854 

c.  u.  First  service  1854 

Parish  formed  1855 
Building  consecrated  June  36,  1856 

c.  R.  First  service  18(i8 

Mission  organized  1879 
Building  1885 

c.  First  service  1895 

Mission  organized  1898 
Building  1898 

c.  Parish  formed  1866 

Building  consecrated  1887 

c.  First  service  1770 

Parish  formed  1S49 
Building  consecrated  1852 

c.  p.  Parish  formed  1S57 

Building  consecrated  1858 

c.  First  service  1872 

Mission  formed  1873 
Building  consecrated  1875 

c.  R.  p.  Mission  organized  1869 

Building  consecrated  1870 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  1755 

Parish  formed  1793 
First  building,  St.  Ann's,  1772 
Second  Building,  St.  Ann's,  1794 
Present  building  consecrated  1830 

c.  First  service  1844 

Parish  formed  1859 
Building  consecrated  Dec.  12,  1860 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  1843 

Parish  formed  1860 
Building  consecrated  1888 


[   154  ] 


STATISTICS  OF  CHURCHES  L\  MAIXE 


CliKi-rh  Commitnirnnts     Ennipment^ 

Hull's  Covf. 

Chtirrh  i,f  Our  Father  37  c.  H. 


Kingman, 
St.  Luke's 


Lewiston, 
Trinity 


Limestone, 

Church  of  the  Advent 

Lisbon  Falls, 
St.  Matthew's 


Long  Cove, 
St.  George's 

Macwahoc, 
All  Saints' 


Historical  Statist irs 

First  service  187!) 
Mission  organized  1900 
Building  consecrated  1891 

Building  consecrated  December,  1896 
Building  reconsecrated  June  8,  1902 

First  service  ISji  (in  Danville,  now  Auburn) 

Parish  formed  lSj4 

First  building  consecrated  1859 

Present  building  consecrated  1879 

Mission  organized  1873 
Building  consecrated  1881 

First  service  190K 
Mission  organized  1907 
Building  consecrated  1912 

Building  1905 

Mission  organized  1904' 
Building  consecrated  1901 

First  service  1893 
Building  1915 

First  service  1908 


Masardis, 

All  Sni>its' 


Building  consecrated  1907 


Millinocket, 
St.  Andreic'i 


Milo. 

St.  .Joseph's 


Newcastle, 
St.  Andrew' i 


Northeast  Harbor, 
.S(.  ilary's-hy-the-Sea 


Norway, 

Christ  Church  -22 

'C  =  Churcli;  R=Rectory:  P=Parish  House 


1-.  R.  First  service  1901 

Building  1901 

c.  First  service  August  3,  1909 

5Iission  organized  1919 
Building  1911 

c.  R.  r.  First  service  187G 

Parish  formed  1889 
Building  consecrated  1883 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  18S1 

Parish  formed  1883 
First  building  1882 
Present  building  consecrated  1903 

c.  First  service  1897 

Building  consecrated  1S9+ 


[   155   ] 


THE  DIOCESE  OF  MMJVE 


Old  Town. 
St.  James 


Pittston. 
St.  Andrew's 


Portland. 

St.  Luke's  Cathedral 


Portland, 
SI.  Paul's 

Portland, 
St.  Peter's 
(Bishop  Codman  Memorial) 


Communicants     Equipment ' 
1-35  c.  11. 

16  c. 


Portland, 

St.  Stephen': 


Portland, 
Triniti/ 


Presque  Isle, 
.'^7.  John's 

Richmond, 
St.  Matthias' 


Rockland, 

St.  Peter. 


Rumford, 
St.  Barnabas' 


Saco, 

Triniti/ 


'  C  =  Churcli ;  R=Rectory;  P=Parish  House. 


Historical  Statistics 

Parish  organized  lH+9 
Building  consecrated  ISPl 

First  service  l!)(ll 
Mission  organized  UII1+ 
Building  bought  1907 

Parish  formed  lS,j] 
First  building  185+ 
Present  building  18(i7 
Building  consecrated  187T 

Parish  formed  ISIIS 
Building  1839 

First  service  1913 
Mission  organized  1916 
Building  1919 

First  service  1763  (old  St.  Paul's) 

Parish  formed  176-1  (old  St.  Paul's) 

First  building  176,'j 

Name  changed  to  St.  Stephen's.  1839 

Present  building  1855  (originally  St.  Luke's) 

First  service  188T 
Parish  formed  1897 
Building  consecrated  1896 

Mission  organized  1875 
Building  consecrated  1876 

First  service  1863 
Mission  organized  1919 
Building  consecrated  1895 

Parish  organized  1853 
Building  consecrated  1884 

First  .service  190-2 
Mission  organized  1903 
Building  opened  1905 

First  service  1636 
Parish  formed  18-27 
Building  consecrated  1827 


[    1.'56   ] 


STATISTICS  OF  CHURCHES  IX  MJIXE 


Cliur 

rh 

Commuiiicuitts     Eiiui/imeii/ 1 

Sanford, 

<S<.  George's 

104              c.  R.  i<. 

Seal  Cove, 

St.  Andrew's 

14             c. 

Seal  Harbor, 

5/.  Jmles 

36             c. 

Sherman, 

St.  .himps' 

c. 

South  Portland, 

St.  Alliiiu's 

38             c. 

Southwest  Harbor, 
.S/.  John  the  Divine 

Thomaston, 

St.  John  Baptist 


Waterville, 
St.  Mark's 


Winn, 

St.  Thomas' 


Wiscasset, 
St.  Philip's 


Woodland, 
St.  Luke's 


Hist urirtil  .•<lati.sf ics 

First  service  1901 
Mission  organized  1902 
Building  consecrated  1906 

Building  consecrated  1916 


First  service  18S6 
Mission  organized  1886 
Building  consecrated  1889 

Mission  organized  1870 
Building  consecrated  1887 

First  service  1913 
Mission  organized  1919 
Mission  house  built  1914 

Building  1918 


c.  R.  First  service  1867 

Mission  organized  1869 
Building  consecrated  1891 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  1875 

Mission  organized  lS7fi 
Building  consecrated  June  9, 

c.  R.  First  service  1868 

Mission  organized  1869 
Building  consecrated  1872 

c.  R.  p.  First  service  1847 

Parish  organized  18.i6 
Building  consecrated  1856 

First  service  1916 
Mission  organized  1916 
No  church  building 


'  C=Churcli  ;  R=Rettory  ;  P=Parisli  Hn 


[    157  ] 


STATISTICS  OF  SUxMMER  CHAPELS 


Church 
Bailey's  Island, 

All  Sa!nt.s'-lii/-tlie-Sea 

Belfast, 

Si.  Mdiyrinl'x 

Biddeford  Pool. 

,S<.  Marlin's-iu-the-Field 

Castine, 
Trinili/ 

Dark  Harbor, 

ChriM  Church 
{ Islesboro) 

Falmouth  Foreside, 
,S7.  Man/-lh<'-  Vin/in 

Fortune's  Rock, 

Si.  Ph!lip's-hi/-the-Sea 

Gott's  Island, 
.SV.  Colnmha 

Kennebiuik  Beach, 

Trhiil;/ 

Kennebunkport, 

St.  Amies 

MacMahnn  Island, 
SI.  ('iithlurt'.i 

Ogunquit. 

SI.  Pi'tn-'a-hji-thii-Sea 

Old  Orchard, 

Si.  Johns-hji-lhe-Sea 

Orr's  Island, 
All  Saints' 

Prout's  Neck, 

St.  James' 

Robbinston, 
Grace  Church 

'  C=Church  ;  R=Rectory. 


Equipment^ 


Historical  Statistics 

First  service  1910 
Building  191T 

First  service  June  17,  1906 
Building  consecrated  August  7.  1916 

First  service  1912 
Building  consecrated  1916 

First  service  1890 
Building  1901 

Building  1895;  possibly  earlier 


Cornerstone  laid  1890 
Building  consecrated  1909 
Building  consecrated  1917 
Building  consecrated  1916 

First  service  1883 
Building  consecrated  1887 

First  service  1898 
Building  consecrated  1902 

First  service  1888 
Building  consecrated  1898 

Building  1889 

First  service  1899 
Building  consecrated  1900 

First  service  1885 

Building  consecrated  August  20,  1890 

First  service  1879 
Building  erected  in  1882 


[   158   1 


STATISTICS  OF  SUMMER  CHAPELS 


Church 
Sorrento, 
Redeetner 

Southport, 

All  Saints'-by-the-Sea 

Winter  Harbor, 

St.  Chrhtopher's-hy-lhe-Sea 
(Grindstone  Neck) 

York  Harbor. 

Triniti/ 

(Formerly  St.  George's-by-the- 
Sea) 


J:^ipiij)ment  1  Ilisturical  Statistics 

c.  Building  consecrated  1S90 

c.  First  service  1H79 

Building  consecrated  1906 

c.  First  service  1890 

Building  consecrated  1894 

c.  Building  consecrated  1886 


•C  =  Chunli:  R  =  Rectory. 


[   159   ] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The  Journals  of  the  Diocese  of  ]\Iaine. 

Records  of  the  Elaine  Historical  Society. 

The  History  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  by  G.  R.  Batcheldoh. 

The  Frontier  Missionary,  hy  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Barti.eit. 

Memoir  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Alexander 

Burgess,  D.D. 
History  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  by  Evelyn-  L.  Giljiore. 
File  of  The  XortJi  East. 
Diocese  of  ]\Iaine  in  Church  Encyclopedia,  l)y  the  Rev.  Charles  W.  Haves. 

Book  coninieniorating  the  one  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  St. 
Stephen's  Church. 

How  the  Church  Came  to  IMaine,  by  Marguerite  Ogden.  Historical  Leaf- 
let, Morehouse  Company. 

Memoir  of  Bishop  Griswold,  by  the  Rev.  John  S.  Stone,  D.D. 

Poems  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  D.D. 


"31  "Belietie  C>ne  Catholic  anD  apostolic  Cbutcb" 

ELKCT  KROM    KVKRY   NATION, 

YKT  ONE  o'er  ALI.  THE  EARTH, 
HER  CHARTER  OF  SALVATION, 

ONE  LORD,  ONE  FAITH,  ONE  BIRTH; 
ONE   HOLY  NAME  SHE  BLESSES, 

PARTAKES  ONE   HOLY   FOOD, 
AND  TO  ONE  HOI'E  SHE  PRESSES. 

WITH    KVERV   C.KArK   KNDI'ED. 


